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infectious disease > viral diseases > Flashcards

viral diseases Flashcards

1
Q

virus that causes non-specific upper respiratory symptoms

A

acute viral rhino sinusitis (common cold)

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2
Q

rhino sinusitis signs and symptoms

A

fever, malaise, sneezing, nasal congestion, sore throat, hoarseness, cough

inflamed mucosal surface

lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

how long do rhinosinusitis symptoms last

A

usually less than 10 days

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4
Q

how to diagnose rhinosinusitis

A

clinical

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5
Q

rhinosinusitis treatment

A

supportive:
- saline nasal wash
- NSAIDS, rest, fluids
- decongestants
- cough suppressants

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6
Q

influenza signs and symptoms

A

-sudden onset
-fever,chills,malaise,headache
-myalgias commonly involve the lower extremities and back
-URI symptoms
-GI symptoms
-non productive cough

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6
Q

what type of influenza infects a variety of mammals

A

type A

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7
Q

what type of influenza infects humans exclusively

A

type B and C

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8
Q

How is influenza spread

A

highly contagious respiratory infection spread via droplets

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9
Q

influenza treatment

A

supportive
oral oseltamivir
oral baloxavir

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10
Q

influenza labs

A
  • rapid test (nasopharynx)
  • CBC
    -PCR
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11
Q

complications of influenza

A

pneumonia
decreased oxygen saturation

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12
Q

prevention of influenza

A

annual influenza vaccine

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13
Q

rare and sever complication of influenza that causes rapid progressive liver failure and encephalopathy. Associated with aspirin use in combination with viral infection.

A

Reye Syndrome

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14
Q

cold sores and genital herpes
recurrent grouped vesicles on an erythematous base

A

HSV

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15
Q

HSV testing

A

direct fluorescent antibody staining
viral culture or PCR
Tzanck smear

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16
Q

HSV symptoms

A

-vesicular/ulcerative lesions
-burning/stinging pain
-neuralgia
-occur on: vermillion border, penile shaft, labia, perianal skin, buttocks
-swollen/tender lymph nodes
-lesions usually crust and heal in one week

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17
Q

HSV complications

A

-herpetic whitlow
-herpes gladiatorum
-proctitis
-esophagitis
-keratitis
-encephalitis
-neonatal infection

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18
Q

HSV treatment

A

oral acyclovir
oral valacyclovir

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19
Q

human herpes virus 3

A

varicella zoster virus

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20
Q

two clinical conditions of varicella zoster virus

A

varicella (chicken pox)
herpes zoster (shingles)

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21
Q

typically a benign childhood illness characterized by a pruritic rash

A

chicken pox

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22
Q

reactivation of latent VZV most commonly occurring after the 6th decade of life. Painful dermatomal vesicular rash.

A

Herpes zoster

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23
Q

transmission of varicella

A

direct lesion contact, droplet inhalation, and airborne transmission

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24
Q

zoster transmission

A

direct contact

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25
Q

vaccine for chicken pox

A

varivax

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26
Q

vaccine for shingles

A

Zostavax and shingrix

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27
Q

hallmark for varicella zoster

A

pruritic rash
dew drop on a rose petal
lesions in variable stages

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28
Q

symptoms of varicella zoster

A

fever, rash, malaise, HA, high fever
rash begins on trunk and spreads outward

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29
Q

three phases of chicken pox rash

A
  1. red pinkish bumps
  2. fluid filled blisters
  3. crusted/scabbed lesions
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30
Q

varicella labs

A

clinical diagnosis
PCR of scrapings from lesions

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31
Q

chicken pox treatment

A

symptomatic:
isolation
calamine lotion, antihistamines
mitts for scratching
acyclovir
NO ASPIRIN

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32
Q

VZV complications

A

secondary bacterial infection caused by strep pyogenes or staph aureus

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33
Q

signs and symptoms of herpes zoster (shingles)

A

-prodromal sensation or tingling, numbness, or burning
-rash that starts as erythematous papules, and turns into grouped vesicles
-UNILATERAL vesicular rash with dermatomal involvement
-rash does not cross midline

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34
Q

shingles outbreak that affects the facial nerve near one of a pts ears. vesicles appear in the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane, as well as tongue and oral lesions
- lose taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue
- ipsilateral facial palsy
- vertigo, tinnitus, hearing deficit

A

Ramsey Hunt syndrome

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35
Q

how to treat Ramsey Hunt Syndrome

A

antivirals and prednisone

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36
Q

complication of shingles

A

post herpetic neuralgia

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37
Q

treatment of shingles

A

valacyclovir or famiciclovir (start within 72 hours of symptoms)
corticosteroids (help lesions heal)

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38
Q

treatment of post herpetic neuralgia

A

gabapentin
lidocaine patches
tricyclic antidepressants
capsaicin cream

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38
Q

virus that causes warts (skin and genital)

A

human papilloma virus (HPV)

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39
Q

HPV 6 and 11

A

benign genital warts

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40
Q

HPV 16 and 18

A

oncogenic cervical cancer

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41
Q

how is HPV transmitted

A

skin contact

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42
Q

verruca vulgaris

A

common wart

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43
Q

condyloma accuminata

A

genital warts

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44
Q

verruca plantaris

A

plantar wart

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45
Q

what does plantar wart feel like

A

rock in shoe

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46
Q

Hallmark of common/plantar wart

A

interrupt normal skin lines
dry plaque like appearance
appear to have “seeds”

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47
Q

common wart/plantar wart treatment

A

liquid nitrogen
topical salicylic acid (keratolytic agents)

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48
Q

genital wart treatment

A

Podophyllum resin (men)
Imiquimod cream (women)

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49
Q

HPV prevention

A

vaccine
condoms
avoid smoking

50
Q

human herpesvirus 4

A

epstein barr virus

51
Q

how is epstein barr transmitted

A

saliva
genital secretions

51
Q

causes infectious mononucleosis

A

epstein barr virus

52
Q

infects B and T lymphocytes and possibly epithelial cells of the nasopharynx

A

Epstein Barr virus

53
Q

EBV signs and symptoms

A

fever
sore throat
fatigue
malaise
anorexia
myalgia

54
Q

EBV physical exam

A

-Pharynx shows enlarged tonsils and exudate
- lymphadenopathy
- uvular edema
- diffuse erythematous rash develops in 80% of patients treated with amoxicillin

55
Q

EBV labs

A

-show lymphocytic leukocytosis
-IgM antibody to EB virus capsid antigen can confirm diagnosis during acute illness (IgG will persist for life)

56
Q

EBV treatment

A

supportive

57
Q

EBV complications

A

splenic rupture (patient told not to participate in contact sports for 4 weeks)

58
Q

paramyxoviral disease that affects the parotid glands and salivary glands

A

mumps

59
Q

how is mumps spread

A

respiratory secretions, droplets, and saliva

60
Q

mumps signs and symptoms

A

-prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, HA, body aches
-parotid tenderness and overlying facial edema
-one parotid gland usually enlarges before the other

61
Q

leading cause of pancreatitis in children

A

mumps

62
Q

mumps labs

A

-mild leukopenia, lymphocytosis
-serum amylase elevated
-mild kidney injury
-elevated serum IgM
-virus isolated from swab of duct of parotid

63
Q

mumps treatment

A

-Isolate until swelling
-bed rest
-symptomatic treatment
-topical cool compresses
-analgesics

64
Q

mumps prevention

A

vaccine
droplet and standard precautions
isolation

65
Q

fifth disease

A

erythema infectiosum

66
Q

viral exanthem in healthy children
caused by human parvovirus B19

A

erythema infectiosum

67
Q

hallmark of erythema infectiosum

A

-“slapped cheek” appearance with circumoral pallor
-truncal rash
-distinctive lacy, reticulated rash

67
Q

how is erythema infectiosum transmitted

A

respiratory secretions and blood transfusions

68
Q

erythema infectiosum labs

A

clinical

69
Q

erythema infectiosum treatment

A

supportive

70
Q

when are children typically only contagious for erythema infectiosum

A

in the period prior to the development of the rash

71
Q

sixth disease

A

roseola

72
Q

caused by HHV 6 and HHV 7

A

roseola

73
Q

Hallmark of roseola

A

maculopapular, rose colored rash

74
Q

roseola diagnosis

A

clinical
routine lab tests do not aid in diagnosis

75
Q

roseola treatment

A

supportive

76
Q

highly contagious
single stranded RNA paramyxoviral disease

A

measles (rubeola)

77
Q

measles signs and symptoms

A

4 phases:
incubation
prodromal
exanthematous
recovery

78
Q

measles labs and diagnosis

A

ELISA detection of IgM measles antibodies
PCR

78
Q

hallmark of measles

A

“brick red” macular rash
koplik spots

79
Q

measles treatment

A

supportive

80
Q

measles complications

A

otitis media
pneumonia
encephalomyelitis

81
Q

measles prevention

A

vaccine

82
Q

German measles

A

rubella

83
Q

-systemic disease caused by inhalation of infected droplets
-togavirus

A

rubella

84
Q

hallmark of rubella

A

-rose colored spots on the soft palate (forchheimer spots)
-lymphadenopathy

85
Q

rubella labs and diagnosis

A

serologic confirmation with elevated IgM antibody

86
Q

rubella treatment

A

supportive

87
Q

human herpesvirus 5
common virus usually asymptomatic

A

cytomegalovirus

88
Q

cytomegalovirus labs

A

detection of CMV specific IgM

89
Q

CMV treatment (immunocompromised patients)

A

oral valganciclovir or IV ganciclovir

90
Q

most common health problem of congenital CMV in infants

A

hearing loss

91
Q

CMV treatment (congenital)

A

IV ganciclovir or valganciclovir

92
Q

CMV prevention

A

pregnant women should practice good hand hygiene and avoid kissing young children on the face

93
Q

-viral encephalitis transmitted by infected saliva
-rhabdovirus
-enters body from animal bite or open wound

A

rabies

94
Q

what animals spread rabies

A

raccoons, skunks, bats, foxes, cats, cattle, dogs

95
Q

how does rabies virus travel

A

goes to nerves of the brain, multiplies, and migrates along nerves to salivary glands

95
Q

rabies symptoms

A

pain at bite, fever, malaise, HA, nausea, vomiting
skin is sensitive to temp change
CNS stage begins 10 days after (encephalitic or paralytic)

96
Q

Rabies encephalitic symptoms

A

-delirium alternating with periods of calm
-painful laryngeal spasms on attempting drinking/swallow
-hypersalivation
-seizures

97
Q

rabies paralytic symptoms

A

acute ascending paralysis

98
Q

rabies testing

A

-direct fluorescent antibody testing of skin biopsy material from the brain stem and cerebellum
-PCR to check saliva

call health department!

99
Q

rabies treatment

A

post exposure prophylaxis given before clinical signs

active rabies:
- intensive care
- airway management

death inevitable after 7 days

100
Q

post exposure immunization for bites from bat, skunk, or raccoon

A

both immune globulin and vaccination are given

101
Q

arthropod-borne arbovirus
carried by mosquitos

A

West Nile virus

102
Q

West Nile virus symptoms

A

fever, swollen lymph glands, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, joint pain
- meningitis
-encephalitis

103
Q

West Nile virus tests

A

diagnosis made from serology
-IgM capture ELISA in serum or CSF
-presence in CSF confirms neuroinvasive disease

104
Q

West Nile virus complications

A

-bronchial pneumonia
-prolonged weakness
-retinopathy
-hepatitis and pancreatitis

105
Q

West Nile virus treatment

A

supportive

106
Q

viral hemorrhagic fever
part of the filoviridae family

A

ebola

107
Q

how is ebola transmitted

A

contact with body fluids and skin

108
Q

stages of ebola

A

1st stage: nonspecific febrile illness
2nd stage: abd pain, sever N/V, diarrhea, neurologic symptoms

109
Q

ebola diagnostic labs

A

RT-PCR
IgM ELISA

110
Q

ebola labs

A

-causes systemic inflammatory response
-low platelet count
-leukopenia
-transaminitis
-hypoalbuminemia
-electrolyte imbalance
-increased serum creatinine and BUN

111
Q

ebola complications

A

-hypovolemic shock
-multi-organ system failure
-secondary infections

112
Q

ebola prevention

A

vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV (being investigated)

112
Q

ebola treatment

A

supportive
isolation

113
Q

-flavivirus
-primarily transmitted by mosquitos mostly in tropical regions

A

zika virus

114
Q

zika virus symptoms

A

-acute onset low grade fever
-pruritic rash on face, trunk, extremities, palms, soles
-arthralgia
-conjunctivitis
-myalgia, HA, fatigue

115
Q

zika virus diagnosis

A

rRT-PCR of serum and urine (less than 7 days after onset of symptoms)

zika virus serologic testing (greater than 7 days)

116
Q

congenital zika virus

A

-severe neurologic disease
-also increases stillborn deaths
-microcephaly
-arthrogryposis

117
Q

management of pregnant women with zika

A

screen for ZIKVi at first pre-natal visit with exposure history

118
Q

treatment of zika

A

symptomatic

infectious disease (12 decks)

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