viral disease

Question 1

upper respiratory tract infection presentations

Answer 1

sore throat
cough
ear/sinus pain

Question 2

types of human herpes viruses HHV

Answer 2

herpes simplex type 1 + 2
varicella zoster virus (chicken pox + shingles)
epstein barr virus (EBV)
HHV types 6, 6A, 7, 8

Question 3

what does cytomegalovirus (a type of herpes) cause

Answer 3

cause infection similar to EBV
cause congenital infection, hep
can cause serious neurological damage in immunocompromised + newborn

Question 4

EBV causes 5 diseases what are they

Answer 4

infectious mononucleosis
burkitt lymphoma
lymphoproliferative disease
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
CNS lymphoma

Question 5

what is infectious mononucleosis

Answer 5

acute infections characterised by pharyngitis, fever,fatigue,lymphadenopathy,leukocytosis

Question 6

what is burkitt lymphoma

Answer 6

undifferentiated B-cell lymphoma of the jaw that is observed in central africa

Question 7

what is lymphoproliferative disease

Answer 7

uncontrolled proliferation of infected B lymphocytes observed in immunocompromised patients

Question 8

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 8

proliferation of EBV infected epithelial cells in nasopharynx (south chinese + eskimo population)

Question 9

CNS lymphoma

Answer 9

EBV lymphoma in the brains of HIV AIDS patients + stem cell transplant patients

Question 10

what are viral exanthems

Answer 10

reactive rashes
usually accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever, malaise + headache
usually caused by a virus
represents either a reaction to a toxin/damage to skin or an immune response

Question 11

what is prodrome

Answer 11

an indicator that a disease is coming on (early signs)

Question 12

what is the timeline of hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 12

prodrome – fever, sore throat, loss of appetite,
blisters lethargy

Question 13

what are the 4 types of nociceptor

Answer 13

Aα - motor

Aß - touch/pressure

A∂ fibres - fast pain

C - slow pain

Question 14

hepA

Answer 14

contracted orally -food/water
mild - minimal symptoms
involves IgM, IgG
notifiable disease

Question 15

whwat is measles caused by

Answer 15

morbillivirus

Question 16

why do so many people die from measles

Answer 16

due to the increased susceptibility of secondary infection as there is a long state of immunsuppression

Question 17

what are the 3 phases of disease

Answer 17

1. prodromal stage - cough, fever, malaise, conjunctivitis, coryza
2. rash - erythematous and maculopapular - starts at the head and spreads to trunk and limbs
3. koplik spots - appear on mucous membranes of the mouth - 1to2 days before rash + after

Question 18

name 3 features suggesting measles

Answer 18

rash for at least 3 days
fever for at least 1 day
at least one of = cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

Question 19

name the top 3 common complications of measles

Answer 19

otitis media
pneumonia
diarrhoea

Question 20

3 different types of measles encephalitis

Answer 20

1. post-infectious encephalomyelitis - occurs at around 1 week after onset of the rash
2. measles inclusion body encephalitis - in immunocompromised patients, characterised by acute neurological compromise and deterioration of consciousness, seizures and progressive neurological damage
3. SSPE= rare, fatal, late complication of measles infection

Question 21

most common types of influenza

Answer 21

A+B

Question 22

what virus causes influenza

Answer 22

orthomyxoviridae

Question 23

what+where does influenza initially infect

Answer 23

mucosa in respiratory tract

Question 24

at risk groups of influenza

Answer 24

-Chronic respiratory system diseases;
-Cardiovascular system diseases;
-Endocrine system diseases;
-Hepatic system disease;
-Renal system diseases;
-Neurological/neuromuscular conditions
-immunosuppression due to disease
-antenatal women

Question 25

treating influenza

Answer 25

neuraminidase inhibitors - oseltamivir, zanamivir
vaccine - live or inactive

Question 26

HIV-1 HIV-2