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Microbiology > Viral Culture > Flashcards

Viral Culture Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the viral culture?

A

It’s the growth and propagation of viruses in a laboratory setting.

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2
Q

List the reason’s for viral culture

A

1) Antiviral drug production.
2) Vaccine production
3) Understanding the evolution of virus over time i.e knowing the mutated and variants.
4) Understanding Viral behaviours, properties and interactions with host cell.

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3
Q

Give an example of virus that needs BLOOD as a specimen

A

HIV
Hepatitis B and C virus.
Dengue fever

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4
Q

Example of virus that needs urine as specimen

A

Zika virus

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5
Q

Examples of virus that uses Saliva/sputum as specimen

A

Viruses that spread via respiratory droplets e.g
RSV, Influenza

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6
Q

Examples of viruses that uses stool as a specimen

A

G.I.T viruses; Rotavirus and norovirus

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7
Q

Example of viruses with swabs as samples include:

A

Surface body lesion virus e.g HSV and varicella zoster

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8
Q

List the methods of Viral cultivation

A

Animal innoculation.
Embryonated cell inoculation.
Tissue inoculation

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9
Q

Explain Animal inoculation

A

It’s the primary method of isolation of viruses.

Here viruses are inoculated into animals.
Especially in Suckly rats of less than 48hrs old.

This method is used to study the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of a virus.

It also aids diagnosis.

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10
Q

List the examples of viruses inoculated in animals

A

Toga virus.
Coxsackie virus

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11
Q

Explain embryonated egg innoculation

A

Embryonated eggs are cultured for 7-12 days.

Preferred location of nick with respect to the virus is marked.

It’s cleaned with antiseptic to avoid bacteria infxn.

Virus is introduced into the nick and opening is closed with paraffin wax.

It’s incubated at 36°c for 2-3days allowing the virus to replicate and grow.

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12
Q

What are POCKS

A

They’re greyish white lesion seen on the chorioallantoic membrane of an embryonated egg.

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13
Q

What does one POCKs signify

A

It indicates the clinical manifestation of pox virus on embryonated egg.

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14
Q

Give me example of Virus innoculated in the chorioallantoic membrane

A

Pox virus
HSV virus.
Rous sarcoma virus.

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15
Q

Give me example of Virus innoculated in the yolk sac

A

HSV

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16
Q

Give me example of Virus innoculated in the Amniotic cavity

A

Influenza and Mumps

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17
Q

Give me example of Virus innoculated in the allantois cavity

A

R- Rabies virus
Y- yellow fever
I- influenza
M- mumps

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18
Q

List the three types of tissue culture technique

A

Tissue/organ culture.
Explant
Cell lines

19
Q

Describe organ culture mechanism.

A

This is used in the study of viral replication, growth and it’s pathogenesis.

It provides a physiological relevant environment for the viral study.

Organs are tissue part of interested are isolated and cut into pieces

Then it is placed into a nutrient rich medium where it’s allowed to grow and multiply.

20
Q

What are the examples of organs or tissue that can be used for organ culture

A

Lung tissue
Liver tissue
Skin tissue
Tracheal ring.

21
Q

What is the disadvantage of the organ tissue culture.

A

It requires maximum technical know how.

It requires detailed attention in:
a) Maintaining the viability of the organ/tissue
b) Preventing the risk of contamination

22
Q

Tracheal ring tissue culture is used to culture which viruses

A

Respiratory viruses;Tracheal ring
HSV
Hepatitis

23
Q

What is the advantage of explant culture over organ culture

A

It involves the study of replication and pathogenesis of virus in a more physiological relevant condition.

Here virus interacts with cells and tissues

24
Q

Are explant culture specimen and virus examples same with that of ORGAN/TISSUE culture?
Yes or No

A

Yes.

25
Q

What is explant culture;

A

It is a technique in which living cells or tissues are removed from an embryo for continued development outside of the organism

26
Q

Which of the cell culture technique is routinely used in the laboratory

A

Cell line culture

27
Q

What are the uses of cell line culture

A

Virus isolation,
Virus identification,
Viral growth,
Vaccine production

28
Q

How is cell line culture obtained

A

Tissue is obtained and grown in a nutrient rich medium.

It’s then trypsinized to form cluster of cells..

This clusters are washed then placed in a tube or petriplate in suitable conditions necessary for growth.

On incubation cell line replicate or grow to form a monoconfluent layer that is extracted.

Virus is introduced into this monoconfluent layer

29
Q

The rich nutrient media of cell line culture is made up of?

A

Balanced salt concentration.
Essential amino acids.
Glucose
Lipids
Antibiotics,
Buffering agent,
Serum.
Methylene red/ phenol

30
Q

On what basis is cell line divided into it’s three groups?

A

Origin of cell.
Chromosomal characteristics.
Number of generations through which cell culture can be maintained.

31
Q

List the types of cell line;

A

Primary,
Semicontinuous (diploid)
Continuous cell line.

32
Q

Which type of cell line is a normal ce obtained fresh from animal or human organ?

A

Primary cell line

33
Q

List the features of a primary cell line:

A

They cannot be maintained in a serial sub culture.

Origin: it’s gotten fresh from animal and human organs.

They are used for isolation of virus and preparation of vaccines

34
Q

Example of a primary cell line includes;

A

Monkey Kidney cell line, human amnion cell line

35
Q

What are the features of semi continuous cell line

A

Site of origin; Embryonic tissue

They are fibroblastic.

Diploid cell– Chromosomal characteristics .

Can be subcultured for limited generation about 50 serial sub groups.

There’s rapid cell division, with 50 serial sub culture.

After which they undergo senescence and die off.

36
Q

Diploid cells are susceptible for a wide range of human virus culture.
T or F

A

True

37
Q

Examples of semicontinuous cell line includes;

A

Rhesus embryonic cell.
Human embryonic lung strain e.t
.c

38
Q

Which cell line is capable of growth invitro

A

Continuous cell line

39
Q

What are the features of Continuous cell line

A

Origin: cancerous cells

Infinite growth.doesnt reach senescence.

Chromosomal characteristics: Haploid

Can be serially subcultured infinitely

40
Q

Examples of continuous cell line

A

Hela cells ; gotten from cancerous growth of the cervix.
Hep-2 ;. Human epithelioma of larynx strain… type 2
Vero kindey(velvet monkey)

41
Q

Continuous cell line can be maintained with serial sub culture or by freezing @70°c T or F

A

Truth

42
Q

Continuous cell line is used for isolation and not for vaccination T or F?

A

True

43
Q

Why are virus of continuous cell line not used to produce vaccines?

A

This is because vaccines produced through this mechanism aren’t safe.

Microbiology (12 decks)

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