Viral CNS

Question 1

Rabies transmission

Answer 1

injection of virus-laden saliva (bite)

aerosol transmission with bats

Question 2

Poliomyelitis is a destruction of the _______ that results in __________

Answer 2

motor neurons

asymmetric flaccid paralysis

Question 3

What type of host is the human for arboviruses

Answer 3

dead-end host

Question 4

Rabies clinical manifestations:

Answer 4

prodrome (fever, headache, pharyngitis) —->

1. pain/burning site of inoculation
2. increased sensory sensitivity
3. anxiety, apprehension, hydrophobia (due to dysphagia)

——> paralytic phase (coma, death)

Question 5

What type of virus is the polio virus

Answer 5

Pricorna virus

Question 6

What are the 3 ways we prevent rabies infection

Answer 6

1. avoidance of exposure
2. prophylactic vaccination of companion and herd animals
3. immunization after exposure (post exposure prophylaxis)

Question 7

treatment for rabies that only works half of the time

Answer 7

“Milwaukee” protocol

Question 8

Rabies virus is what type of virus

Answer 8

Rhabdovirus

ssRNA

Question 9

You have a super old patient that is paralyzed from having polio like a million years ago. They come in complaining of more paralysis and are convinced that they are reinfected with polio. What is actually happening ?

What is this called?

Answer 9

Surviving neurons from childhood “expand” and “work harder” for most of their life

then they get old and they get weak and die and then it seems like paralysis again

“Post Polio Syndrome”

Question 10

If there is a rabid wild animal on the loose, what do you need to do with dogs and cats

Answer 10

quarantine for 10 days

Question 11

What is the most common outcome of polio virus infection?

Answer 11

inapparent infection (90-95%)

Question 12

Which virus is a flavivirus

Answer 12

West Nile Virus

Question 13

Does rabies cause human deaths?

Answer 13

thousands of human or herd animal deaths each year

just not really in the US

Question 14

How is arbovirus infection prevented?

Answer 14

interrupt chain of transmission

eradication of vector, window screens, insect repellents, immunizing livestock

Question 15

What type of virus has a vector that is usually mosquitos and ticks?

Answer 15

Arboviruses

Arthropod-borne viruses

Question 16

Why do we not use the trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) (Sabin) in the United States?

Answer 16

live vaccine can mutate and cause paralysis

Question 17

Which polio vaccine do we use in the United States

Answer 17

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) (Salk)

Question 18

What % of infected individuals of polio virus get flaccid paralysis from lower motor neuron damage (paralytic poliomyelitis)

Answer 18

less than one percent

RAREST OUTCOME

Question 19

What do you give to someone for post exposure prophylaxis for rabies

Answer 19

rabies vaccine HDCV

hyperimmune serum

Question 20

Which polio vaccine do we NOT use in the United States?

Answer 20

trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) (Sabin)

Question 21

What is the main RESERVOIR for abroviruses

Answer 21

birds and small mammals

mosquitos and ticks are the VECTOR

Question 22

Once symptoms are overt, rabies prognosis is

Answer 22

considered invariably fatal

Question 23

What does the polio vaccine prevent? What does it not prevent?

Answer 23

Prevents: paralysis

does not prevent: infection

Question 24

What test can you use for West Nile Virus

Answer 24

IgM antibody with CSF or serum

MAC-ELISA

Question 25

Exposure to or bite from which 4 animals is sufficient to initiate post exposure prophylaxis

Answer 25

skunk
fox
raccoon
bat (flappy cave boi)

Question 26

What is unique about the shape of the rabies virus

Answer 26

bullet shape

Question 27

Most cases of human rabies since 1990 have been cryptic, which means the transmission was:

Answer 27

contact with bats

NOT bites

Question 28

What could produce long-lasting positive IgM titers for West Nile Virus

Answer 28

Vaccination against yellow fever and/or Japanese encephalitis