Viral CNS Flashcards
Rabies transmission
injection of virus-laden saliva (bite)
aerosol transmission with bats
Poliomyelitis is a destruction of the _______ that results in __________
motor neurons
asymmetric flaccid paralysis
What type of host is the human for arboviruses
dead-end host
Rabies clinical manifestations:
prodrome (fever, headache, pharyngitis) —->
- pain/burning site of inoculation
- increased sensory sensitivity
- anxiety, apprehension, hydrophobia (due to dysphagia)
——> paralytic phase (coma, death)
What type of virus is the polio virus
Pricorna virus
What are the 3 ways we prevent rabies infection
- avoidance of exposure
- prophylactic vaccination of companion and herd animals
- immunization after exposure (post exposure prophylaxis)
treatment for rabies that only works half of the time
“Milwaukee” protocol
Rabies virus is what type of virus
Rhabdovirus
ssRNA
You have a super old patient that is paralyzed from having polio like a million years ago. They come in complaining of more paralysis and are convinced that they are reinfected with polio. What is actually happening ?
What is this called?
Surviving neurons from childhood “expand” and “work harder” for most of their life
then they get old and they get weak and die and then it seems like paralysis again
“Post Polio Syndrome”
If there is a rabid wild animal on the loose, what do you need to do with dogs and cats
quarantine for 10 days
What is the most common outcome of polio virus infection?
inapparent infection (90-95%)
Which virus is a flavivirus
West Nile Virus
Does rabies cause human deaths?
thousands of human or herd animal deaths each year
just not really in the US
How is arbovirus infection prevented?
interrupt chain of transmission
eradication of vector, window screens, insect repellents, immunizing livestock
What type of virus has a vector that is usually mosquitos and ticks?
Arboviruses
Arthropod-borne viruses
Why do we not use the trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) (Sabin) in the United States?
live vaccine can mutate and cause paralysis
Which polio vaccine do we use in the United States
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) (Salk)
What % of infected individuals of polio virus get flaccid paralysis from lower motor neuron damage (paralytic poliomyelitis)
less than one percent
RAREST OUTCOME
What do you give to someone for post exposure prophylaxis for rabies
rabies vaccine HDCV
hyperimmune serum
Which polio vaccine do we NOT use in the United States?
trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) (Sabin)
What is the main RESERVOIR for abroviruses
birds and small mammals
mosquitos and ticks are the VECTOR
Once symptoms are overt, rabies prognosis is
considered invariably fatal
What does the polio vaccine prevent? What does it not prevent?
Prevents: paralysis
does not prevent: infection
What test can you use for West Nile Virus
IgM antibody with CSF or serum
MAC-ELISA
Exposure to or bite from which 4 animals is sufficient to initiate post exposure prophylaxis
skunk
fox
raccoon
bat (flappy cave boi)
What is unique about the shape of the rabies virus
bullet shape
Most cases of human rabies since 1990 have been cryptic, which means the transmission was:
contact with bats
NOT bites
What could produce long-lasting positive IgM titers for West Nile Virus
Vaccination against yellow fever and/or Japanese encephalitis
