Viral and Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
What are the possible causative organisms of the common cold?
Rhinovirus Coronavirus Prainfluena virus Human metapneumovirus Adenovirus RSV Influenza
What are the possible causative organisms of pharyngitis?
Adenovirus Rhinovirus Parinfluenza virus RSV Coronavirus Human metapneumovirus Human bocavirus
What are the possible causative organisms of croup?
Parainfluenzza virus
Human metapneumovirus
RSV
What are the possible causative organisms of acute bronchitis?
RSV
Human metapneumovirus
Influenza
Adenovirus
What are the possible causative organisms of bronchiolitis?
RSV Human metapneumovirus Parainfluenzza virus Rhinovirus Coronavirus Influenzza Human bocavirus
What are the possible viral causative organisms of penumonia?
Influenza RSV Parainfluenza Human metapneumovirus Adenovirus Rhinvirus
What are the symptoms of a common cold?
Sore scratchy throat
Rhinorrhoea
Nasal obstruction
For how long does a common cold persist?
~1 week
What are the possible complications of a common cold?
Otitis media
SInusitis
Severe infections as a result of the common cold occur most often in which groups of people?
Elderly
Immunocompromised
Asthma, COPD, CF
Which virus, which is a common cause of the common cold, has the largest RNA virus genome?
Coronavirus
What is the most common causative organism of the common cold?
Rhinovirus
Pharyngitis is usually the result of viral infection. What symptom points to a viral rather than bacterial cause?
The presence of nasal symptoms
Other than respiratory viruses, what can cause pharyngitis?
Epstein Barr virus in infectious mononucleosis
HIV seroconversion illness
Herpes simplex virus
Which age group is most commonly affected by croup?
Children
What is the distinctive symptom of croup?
Distinctive cough
What is the incubation period of bronchiolitis?
3-5 days
Respiratory syncytial virus infection has been linked to the development of which chronic respiratory condition?
Asthma
What drug is used to treated respiratory syncytial virus infections?
Ribvirin (orally, IV, aerosolised)
What expensive monoclonal antibody can be given to treat respiratory syncytial virus infections?
Palivizumab
What are the risk factors for complicated influenza illness?
Age <6 months or >65 years Pregnancy Morbid obesity Neurological, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, cardiac and diabetes mellitus patients Severe immunocompression
Neuraminidase inhibitors can be used for prophylaxis is given how many hours before exposure to influenza?
48 hours
Give examples of neuraminiade inhibitors used to treated influenza?
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir
Laninamivir
Give examples of M2 inhibitors used to treated influenza
Amantadine
Rimantagine
Give examples of RNA polymerase inhibitors used to treat influence
Favipiravir
Baloxavir
Aquatic birds can act as a natural reservoir for what strain of influenza viruses?
Influenza A
How is influenza diagnosed in the laboratory?
Electron microscopy
Tissue culture
Respiratory viruses should be collected for laboratory detection via which techniques?
Nasal pharyngeal swab Throat swab Gargle Sputum ETA BAL
What types of vaccine can be used against influenza?
Live attenuated quadrivalent vaccine
Quadrivalent inactivated vaccine
Adjuvanted trivalent inactive vaccine
