Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

What factors are involved in the chain of infection?

Answer 1

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Question 2

Give examples of direct modes of transmission

Answer 2

Direct contact

Droplet spread

Question 3

Give examples of indirect modes of transmission

Answer 3

Airborne
Vehicle borne
Vector borne

Question 4

Give examples of possible portals of exit for infectious agents

Answer 4

Respiratory tract
Faeces
Vomit
Cuts and injuries
Conjunctival secretions

Question 5

Give examples of possible portals of entry for infectious agents

Answer 5

Respiratory tract
Mucous membranes
Non-intact skin
Mouth

Question 6

What are the standard precautions for infection control?

Answer 6

Patients assessed for infection
Practice good hand hygiene
Cover nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing
PPE worn
Reusable care equipment clean and well maintained
Care environment clean and tidy
Used linen handled safely
Blood and body fluid spillage safely cleaned
Household and care. activity waste safely disposed of
Corrective action taken if injured or exposed to body fluids/blood

Question 7

What specific precautions need to be taken is an infection is spread through direct contact?

Answer 7

Gloves and apron worn
Patient kept in isolation
Cleaning is of great importance

Question 8

What specific precautions need to be taken is an infection is spread through dropletst?

Answer 8

Surgical mask

Eye protection

Question 9

What specific precautions need to be taken is an infection is air-borne spread?

Answer 9

FFP3 masks worn

Question 10

Aseptic technique should be used at all times. What does this involve?

Answer 10

Reducing activity in area
Keeping exposure of susceptible site to a minimum
Checking sterile packs for evidence of damage or moisture
Ensuring all fluid materials are in date
Not reusing single use items

Question 11

What is involved in good hand-hygiene?

Answer 11

Wash hands before touching patient, before procedure, after a procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching the patient and after touching the patients surroundings