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Molecular Boards > Viral > Flashcards

Viral Flashcards

1
Q

4th gen HIV tests test for?

Are 1 log increases always significant?

A

HIV1/2 antibodies and p24

No can be increased in infection

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2
Q

When to drug resistance test HIV?

A

Naive to therapy; failing ot respond to therapy, pregnancy

NOT AFTER CESSATION OF ANTIBODY THERAPY; reverts to wild type

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3
Q

HIV virus tropisms?

A

CCR5 or CXCR4 or both

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4
Q

Hepatitis C is what type of virus?

Subtype in US; percent chronic?

Testing uses what areas of genome?

A

Enveloped RNA, positive sense, Flaviridae

Type: 1. 80% chronic
5’ NTR, Core and NS5B

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5
Q

Hepatitis B is what type of Virus?

T/F all the basepairs are substituted each day?

Some resistance mutations?

A

Hepadnavirus, partially dsDNA; Types A-H

True; DNA–>RNA–>DNA; RT lacks proof reading

V84M, A181T/V, Q215S, N236T

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6
Q

What is precore mutation; Hep B?

Why do we care?

A

G1896A; makes stop codon; blocks HBeAg

Common B-G; rare A

Lower rate of chronic liver disease

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7
Q

Hep B genotype that coses severe disease?

A

C!!

Genotype B converts from HBeAg to anti-HBe at younger age

A and B higher rate of antiviral response

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8
Q

HPV is what type of virus?

Oncogenes and what they interact with?

High risk?

How to detect?

A

Papovivirus, Double stranding circular DNA

E6 (P53); E7 (Rb)

16, 18 most common
Nucleic acid testing eg invador tech or RT-PCR; E6/E7 mRNA by TMA

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9
Q

Gardasil has what type protection?

A

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18; good at least 5 years

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10
Q

Tests for Zoster?

A

Some RUO/ASR for T-PCR; no FDA approved

CSF most commonly tested as higher loads 10e4 associated with disease.

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11
Q

Drugs against CMV?

CMV detection; what indicates replication?

A

Ganciclovir, Cidofovir, Foscarnet

Nuclic acid, Rapid-shell vial coulture, or HCMV immunoluorescence

pp65 RNA=replication

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12
Q

CMV mutations that cause ganciclovir resistance?

A

Point mutation codon 460, 520, 590-596

Molecular sequncing can detect these or plaque reduction (grow with drug)

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13
Q

Diseases linked to EBV infection?

PTLD seen in?

A

PTLD; Burkitt, EBV Hodgkin, Nasophyngeal caricnoma

BMT patients who were seronegative and donor positive; monitor by PCR viral load or in-situ hybridization

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14
Q

What falls in the enterovirus category?

Can you do nucleic acid amplificaton?

Negative tests associated with shorter hospital stay?

A

Poliovirus, Group A/B coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus

Yes; 5’ noncoding is fairly conserved

No; positive tests are more associated with shorter stays

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15
Q

Parvovirus B19 is what type of virus?

Can you grow in cell culture?

How to ID it?

A

Small single stranded non-enveloped DNA; divides in erythroid precursors

No

Nucleic acids (NS-1 a and b OR VP-a) or serology
Nucleic acid testing is LDT or ASR/RUO
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16
Q

What two viruses are polyomaviruses?

How to ID?

A

BK (renal) and JC (brain)

DS circular genome

Dx on biopsy with ISH, cytology, MRI or biopsy with PCR for JC

17
Q

Influenza is RNA or DNA?

Found in man/animals; found in man?

A

RNA single stranded

A (drift and shift; pandemics) and B (drift only)

18
Q

Parainfluenza what kind of virus?

A

SIngle negative sense RNA;; membrane has hemaglutinin and neuraminidase

No vaccine or antiviral agents

19
Q

RSV what type of virus?

Treatment or vaccine?

A

Enveloped single stranded negative sense RNA

No tx no vaccine

20
Q

Adenovirus what type?

Is treatment or vaccine widely present?

A

Double stranded linear DNA; 6 serologic groups

No Tx or public vaccine?

21
Q

FDA cleared methodology for viral respiratory ID?

A

CLIA waved (most) rapid enzyme immunoassays: Highly specific sensitivity not great; Flu A/B and RSV

Also, direct fluorescence antibody assay; more sensitive with larger menu; not Waived

22
Q

Influenza oseltamivir resistance mutation?

A

H1N1 His274Tyr

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