Violence In Sport Flashcards
What is violence?
Physical acts committed to harm others.
What’s aggression?
An emotional response to an individual perceived as an enemy or frustrating rival
An intent to harm outside the laws of the game
What are the causes for the performer?
The win ethic Emotional intensity of a game The importance of a result Pre-match build-up and media hype Frustration with decisions by referees Provocation by an opponent The physical nature of some sports Too lenient with punishment
What are the prevention strategies for the performer?
TV match officials/video replays to check decisions
Punishing violence - removal of performer
Use of post-match video evidence
Promoting performers with good disciplinary records
Impose harsh punishments and long bans
Introduce education campaigns and fair play awards
Increase peer pressure to act less aggressively
Decrease emphasis on winning
Stress management techniques
What can NGB’s use to do to prevent player aggression?
Support decisions of match officials when dealing with violence by performers by using video feedback.
Punishing violence missed by officials after the match by using video evidence
Further investigations
Promote role models
Imposing punishments
Education and campaigns
What are the implications of violence in relation of the performer?
Lower attendances
Declining participation
Negative/decreased media coverage
Lower sponsorships
Negative role models - encouraging poor behaviour
Increased pressure on NGB’s to try to eliminate it
What are the causes for the spectator?
Emotional intensity and the ritual importance of the event Alcohol and drugs Pre-match media hype Poor policing Lack of deterrents The ‘large group mentality’ Organised crime Working class diversification with life A perceived display of masculinity
What are the solutions for spectators and sport?
Ban or control alcohol sales Increased use of police intelligence Impose tougher deterrents (e.g. bans from matches) Use of CCTV Removal of terraces and building of all seater stadiums Encourage responsible media hype Early kick off times Passing of specific laws
What are the implications of violence in relation to spectators?
Participation falling
Poor image
Spectators falling
More security measures imposed, which negatively impacted law-abiding fans
What is hooliganism?
Unruly, violent and destructive behaviour by over-zealous supporters
Why does hooliganism occur?
It’s a ceremonial system for resolving conflict
It occurs due to psychological deprivation and felt arousal
Political infiltration
What are the causes of Hooliganism?
Violence on the pitch
Ritualised support of behaviour of fans
Importance of game
Unemployment
Boredom
Working class - aggression/ youth attitudes
Resistance to change grounds/club attitude
Influence of organised groups within the crowd
What are the measures to combat hooliganism?
All seater stadiums All ticket matches Improved ground facilities Improved ticket prices Seizure of weaponry Bans for misconduct Membership schemes
Attempts to attract different crowds (family stands)
Refusal of tickets for away supporters Segregation of away fans Increased numbers of stewards Closed circuits TV surveillance Banning alcohol Harsher punishment
