violence in canada Flashcards
what is violence in Canada
includes different forms of abuse, mistreatment or neglect
is experienced by adults (males AND females) and children
can happen in dependent, intimate, and / or kinship relationships
what is neglect
abuse (experienced by adults and children)
misuse of power and a violation of trust
may happen once or multiple times
can escalate over time
may change form over time
often chronic and involves repeated incidents
includes: failing to provide what a child or dependent adult requires for his/her physical, psychological, or emotional development and well-being
failing to provide or denying food, clothing, shelter, cleanliness, medical care, protection from harm, or a sense of being valued and loved
what is abuse
domestic violence (experienced by males AND females)
what is physical abuse
use of physical force in a way that injures someone, or puts them at risk of being injured
includes: beating, hitting, shaking, pushing, choking, biting, burning, kicking
assult with a weapon
confinement
dangerous or harmful use of force or restraint
what is emotional abuse
- harming a persons sense of self and putting them at risk of serious behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders
- attacking a person verbally
- making unreasonable demands
-exposing child to family violence
-humiliating or degradation
-demonstration of power and threats
-emotional distancing
what is verbal abuse
withholding- no exchange of information
jokes- disbarring comments
trivializing- says in so many words that what you have done or expressed is insignificant
judging or criticizing- remarks and comments that negate or discount a partners feelings
booking/ diverting- controls interpersonal communication
what is economic or financial abuse
stealing or defrauding someone
withholding money to buy food or medical treatment
manipulating or exploiting someone for financial gain
denying access to financial resources
preventing a person from working or controlling their choice of occupation
what is spiritual abuse
- preventing a person from engaging in their spiritual or religious practices
-using a person’s religious or spiritual beliefs to manipulate, dominate or control them
-ridiculing or denigrating someones beliefs
what is sexual abuse
sexual assault- forcing someone to participate in unwanted or unsafe sexual activity
sexual harassement- ridiculing another person to try to limit their sexuality or reproductive choices
sexual exploitation- forcing someone to look at pornography, or to participate in the making or pornographic films
sexual abuse is often linked to physical abuse
what is women abuse
any act as gender-based violence that results in, or is likely, to result in:
physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women
including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty
occurring in public or private
United Nations (1993)
what is domestic violence/ intimate partner violence
occurs between spouses or intimate partners when one person tries to control the other person
the victim can be male or female
the perpetrator can be male or female
occurs in heterosexual and same-sex relationships
age is irrelevant… can happen for teens, adults and seniors
can occur during the relationship, when the couple is breaking up, or after the relationship has ended
can escalate from threats and verbal abuse, to physical abuse
can result in murder
what precent of women reported being assaulted by their male partner at least once and what precent reported more than one incident
30% and 20%
what is the most commonly reported form of spousal violence
commun assault
why is there inaccurate statistics
do not know who to turn to for reporting
very young / very old victims
not able to communicate
fear of being stigmatized
personal views
lack of knowledge about signs of abuse
geographical isolation
social isolation
do not believe the criminal justice system can be effective
potential consequences of domestic violence
sleeping difficulties (e.g., insomnia, hypersomnia)
depression
anxiety
feelings of abandonment
low self esteem
lack of trust in others
substance abuse
anger
what are some consequences for children who witness domestic violence
can develop emotional, behavioural, developmental, or academic problems
may become violent or withdraw
act out at home or school; others try to be perfect children
use violence to enhance reputation and self-esteem
to become abusers in their own relationships later in life
what is the profile of a batterer
traditional sex role expectations
communication deficits
poor impulse control
low self esteem
alcohol and or drug problems
abusive childhood
denial
what are unintended victims
people who have seen or heard one person being assaulted by another
usually it is children observing parents
happens in close to ½ million households in Canada
what is the first stage in the cycle of violence
tension building phase
what is the tension building phase
- stressors may increase stress within the relationship
- this phase may include verbal, emotional or physical abuse
what is the second phase in the cycle of violence
acute battering incident
what is an acute battering incident
uncontrolled discharge of but up tension
type of battering is more serious and intense than that seen in the first place
complete lack of predictability
only the batterer can end the incident
what is phase 3 in the cycle of violence
the honeymoon phase
what is the honeymoon phase
dominated by apologies, excuses and promises of reform
abuser realizes that they have gone to far
becomes increasingly difficult to leave
why does someone stay?
fear
lack of resources
lack of finances / economic reality
children
feelings of guilt
promises of reform
sex-role condition
what impact do religious beliefs and values have on someone staying
religion or culture tells them that they cannot leave
- its the abusers right to beat their partner
what impact does societal acceptance have on someone staying
- part of the community: everyone does it and no one seems to mind
- people disagree with it but it is a private matter that goes on behind closed doors
why do women specifically stay
reinforcement of violence to women and wives
- abuser will show them clippings from the newspaper to warn the victim that the same thing could happen to her
love for spouse
- at one point you were in love with the person, and at some levels that still remains
what is battered woman syndrome
legal defence for battered women who have killed their abuser
perceives there is no way out of the relationship
contributing factors to syndrome
traumatic effects of victimization
learned helplessness
self-destructive behaviours in response to violence (e.g., alcohol / drug abuse)
repeated cycles of abuse
