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D5 Fortified > Vins Doux Naturels > Flashcards

Vins Doux Naturels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main production regions of VDN?

A

Roussillon; Languedoc; and Southern Rhone

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2
Q

Which is largest production region of VDN?

A

Roussillon

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3
Q

What is the general climate of the three growing regions for VDN?

A

Mediterranean

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4
Q

What is the warmest and driest region for VDN?

A

Roussillon

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5
Q

What is another factor affecting the Roussillon region?

A

The Tramontane Wind; leads to greater transpiration from grapes during end of ripening leading to greater concentration of sugar.

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6
Q

Why is the tramonte wind beneficial to fortified wines?

A

Less spirit is needed to fortify wine

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7
Q

What varietals are used in VDN?

A

Muscat and Grenache

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8
Q

What two types of Muscat are used in VDN?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains and Muscat of Alexandria

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9
Q

Describe Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains?

A

smaller grapes than Alexandria; greater intensity of aroma and flavor; tolerant of dry weather; susceptible to powdery mildew, botrytris and mites

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10
Q

Describe a Muscat of Alexandria

A

Bigger grapes than Muscat Blanc; achieves higher sugar levels; tolerant of dry weather; susceptible to powdery and downy mildew; plantings in decline as its less refined than Muscat Blanc

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11
Q

Describe Grenache Noir

A

late ripening; drought resistant; high yields; pale in color; accumulates sugar quickly so suitable for fortified wines; susceptible to all the typical mildew and fungus

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12
Q

Other than Grenache Noir what other Grenache can be in blend for VDN in Roussillon?

A

Grenache Blanc, Macabeau and Grenache Gris

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13
Q

All the growing climates for VDN are what?

A

Warm

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14
Q

Why are shady canopies required in growing muscat?

A

sunburn

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15
Q

What are the laws regarding yields and abv for VDN?

A

max yield is 30 hL/ha; grapes must be picked w/min. 14.8% abv

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16
Q

Why do producers want to retain as much acidity as possible?

A

To balance the high sugar

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17
Q

How is harvest performed for VDN?

A

hand-harvested, often several passes

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18
Q

How are VDN’s fortified?

A

96% grape spirited added to stop fermentation when the wine reaches 5-8% abv to make wines of 15-18% abv

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19
Q

In VDNs what is residual sugar in muscat based wines and grenache based wines?

A

100 g/l to 125 g/l in Muscat; 45 g/ l in grenache

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20
Q

Why Do VDNs not have a particular spirity character?

A

Only 5-10% of the volume of wine is made up by the fortifying spirit

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21
Q

Describe winemaking process for VDN for white wines

A

grapes pressed and must fermented off the skins; 6-24 hrs of skin contact may happen, blend with free run juice may happen; stainless steel used for fermentation at temps of 59 f

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22
Q

For unaged VDNs, how is winemaking done?

A

must may be chilled and stored and then fermented on demand to ensure wines are fresh as possible, protect from oxygen

23
Q

Describe winemaking process for VDN for red wines

A

must is fermented and fortified while in contact with grape skins; maceration on skins continues for a couple of weeks past fortification to maximize extraction. Cap management techniques used, stainless steel used for fermentation at temps around 82 f to promote extraction

24
Q

What are the style options for VDNs?

A

released relatively young or oxidatively matured

25
Q

Describe a youthful unaged VDN

A

Muscat: Floral, grapey, peach, pear, honey; Grenache based: blackberries, raspberry and plum

26
Q

How are the oxidatively aged VDN’s made>

A

matured in a variety of vessels over several years; often in old, oak barrels; barrels not topped to encourage oxygen; some aged in glass (demi-johns), not full and left out in sun to speed up aging

27
Q

What are the two VDN appellations in Rhone?

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise and Vin Doux Natural Rasteau

28
Q

How are the vineyards planted in Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?

A

On terraces with south-east facing slopes of the Dentelles de Montmirail providing shelter from the Mistral which aids ripening.

29
Q

What is the vast majority of production in Muscat de Beaumes de Venise? And describe it.

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains; Brown Muscat is also allowed. Wines are in unaged style. Generally medium bodied, medium acidity and low alcohol (15%); primary aromas including blossom, grape, peach and honey

30
Q

Who is a significant producer in Muscat de Beaumes de Venise?

A

Domaine des Bernadines

31
Q

What style is Vin Doux Natural Rateau usually?

A

either red, rose or white; aged or oxidative styles; Most the production is red; min of 75% grenache for red wines;

32
Q

Why is the Vin Doux Natural Rasteau suitable for very ripe, jammy wines?

A

appellation has maximum south facing slopes with protection from cool Mistral

33
Q

Describe an unaged style of Vin Doux Natural Rasteau

A

cherries, plums,

34
Q

What are the two main VDN appelllations in Languedoc?

A

Muscat de Frontignan (largest) and Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois

35
Q

Describe the Muscat de Frontignan

A

SW of Montpellier at low altitude; warm; produces wines of fuller body; displays aromas of tropical fruits

36
Q

Describe Muscat de St-jean-de-Minervois

A

NE corner of Minervois at 250 m elevation and continental climate; wines have higher acid; lighter body; stone fruit and floral aromas

37
Q

All VDN made in Langudoc must use what varietal?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains in unaged style with subtle differences based on appellation

38
Q

What % of VDNs come from Roussillon?

A

30%

39
Q

What are the 5 styles of VDN from Roussillon?

A

Grenat/Rimage: Tuile/Traditional; Ambre; Hors D’age; Rancio;

40
Q

What is Grenat/Rimage?

A

Denotes unaged style red wines

41
Q

What is Tuile/Traditional?

A

red wine made oxidatively

42
Q

What is Ambre?

A

white wine matured oxidatively

43
Q

What is Hors D’age?

A

wine that has been matured oxidatively for a longer period than tuile or ambre; can be red or white

44
Q

What is Rancio?

A

denotes a rancio character, can be red or white

45
Q

What is the AOC called in Roussilon?

A

Grand Roussilon AOC

46
Q

What are the 5 leading AOCS in Roussilon?

A

Banyuls AOC; Banyuls Grand Cru AOC; Maury AOC; Muscat de Riveslates AOC; Rivesaltes AOC;

47
Q

Desribe the Banyuls AOC

A

eastern end of Pyranees, reds must be 50% grenache noir; vineyards on steep terraced schist slopes, small amount of white made

48
Q

Describe teh Banyuls Grand Cru AOC

A

same area as Banyuls but wines can only be red and must be 75% grenache noir; min matured for 30 months; if longer may be labeled as hors D’age or Rancio

49
Q

Describe the Maury AOC

A

located in North of Roussillon, vines planted at 100-400 m in foothills of pyrenees on dark colored schist soils. reds must be 75% grenache noir; small amount of white in unaged style

50
Q

Describe the Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC

A

largest appellation in Roussillon in production; made from blend of Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains and Muscat de Alexandria, only in unaged styles

51
Q

Describe the Rivesaltes AOC

A

North of Roussillon close to mediterannean coast; range of VDN styles; both red and white made in all styles; whites can only be max of 20% muscat varieites and rest coming from Grenache blanc, grenache gris, macabeau and malvoisie

52
Q

What is cool about the dark colored schist soils in Maury AOC?

A

store heat from the day and release it at night, aiding in ripening.

53
Q

What is Maury Sec AOC?

A

Dry unfortified wines coming from Maury AOC

D5 Fortified (5 decks)

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