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D5 Fortified > Rutherglen Muscat > Flashcards

Rutherglen Muscat Flashcards

1
Q

When were vines first planted in Rutherglen, Victoria?

A

1850

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2
Q

Why did the population boom and investment in Rutherglen region increase?

A

Gold was discovered

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3
Q

What happened at the end of the 19th century to the wine industry in Rutherglen?

A

decimated by phylloxera

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4
Q

Currently, how many hectares are planted for Rutherglen Muscat?

A

70 hectares

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5
Q

Why do wineries in Rutherglen Muscat have “house styles?”

A

Many of the wineries are family run and for multi-generations

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6
Q

What are factors that go into determining a “house style?”

A

fruit selection, winemaking, maturation and blending choices

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7
Q

Exp: Pfeiffer Wines is known for what and All Saints and Morris are known for what?

A

Pfeiffer known for lighter, fresher styles and All Saints known for more intense and luscious styles

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8
Q

Where is Rutherglen?

A

inland and NE of Victoria

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9
Q

What is climate of Rutherglen?

A

Continental Climate, warm days and moderated by cool air flowing down from Victorian Alps

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10
Q

In Rutherglen why can sugars accumulate so well in the grapes which produces the syrupy styles?

A

Warm days in the growing season and long, dry autumns so large amounts of sugar can accumulate

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11
Q

What is another way the grapes achieve so much sugar concentration in Rutherglen besides climate?

A

Grapes left on the vine to get extra ripe and start to shrivel

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12
Q

When is harvest usually in Rutherglen?

A

between Mid-March and May

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13
Q

Is botrytris desirable in Rutherglen Muscat?

A

No, the marmalade flavor would interfere with the aromatic and floral muscat

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14
Q

What varietal is used for Rutherglen Muscat?

A

Muscat a Petits Grains Rouges (aka Rutherglen Brown Muscat)

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15
Q

Describe Rutherglen Brown Muscat?

A

red-skinned mutation of Muscat Blanc a Peitits Grains and similar to white version it has grapey and floral aromas

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16
Q

What training and trellising system is used in Rutherglen Muscat?

A

variety, often on double-cordons

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17
Q

What is a key concern for vine training in Rutherglen?

A

provide shading so grapes don’t get sunburnt

18
Q

Rutherglen has many old vines plantings, describe them

A

smaller bunches, higher skin to juice ratio, produces deeper color and more concentrated wines, can be used as element of house style

19
Q

Why can it be hard to extract the juice from muscat through immediate pressing?

A

the grapes are partly shriveled when picked

20
Q

How do producers make it easier to extract juice from muscat? name 3 ways

A

1) briefly ferment them on their skins to break down the pulp and release sugars and flavors, 2) add enzymes to juice 3) various cap management techniques

21
Q

How is Rutherglen Muscat made?

A

grapes ferment on skins briefly; once juice gains 1-2% abv its drained off skins, which are pressed and the combined juice fortified to reach 17.5% abv; (using spirits of 96%). Wines clarified by racking off lees or light filtration. Then adjustments made to pH and light fining for protein stability.

22
Q

Why do producers want a neutral spirit in Rutherglen Muscat?

A

to retain Muscat character

23
Q

How is maturation performed in Rutherglen Muscat?

A

using old oak vessels (small and large) in warm conditions. Wines matured in warehouses with tin roofs which become hot in summer.

24
Q

Why is the positioning of the barrels in Rutherglen Muscat important?

A

those nearer the top of stacks subjected to warmer temps and mature more quickly.

25
Q

Why do smaller vessels promote greater concentration?

A

through evaporation, more oxidation and a quicker maturation

26
Q

During maturation, what causes alcohol, sugar and acidity levels to rise over time?

A

evaporation from the oak vessels

27
Q

What affects the speed of the maturation process>

A

the heat, the size of vessel and humidity

28
Q

How do producers maintain a fresher, less oxidative style of wine?

A

reducing ullage by topping up frequently

29
Q

What are the overall effects of maturation?

A

pale pink, ruby or garnet to deep brown; increase in sweetness, alcohol and acidity levels; become fuller-bodied and more syrupy, develop tertiary flavors

30
Q

Are Rutherglen Muscat vintage?

A

Most are non-vintage and use blending of younger and older wines to gain optimum balance

31
Q

What is the Muscat of Rutherglen Network?

A

Founded in 1995 to promote sales of Rutherglen Muscate; introduced classification system.

32
Q

How are the Rutherglen Muscats classified?

A

Classified on taste rather than age. Based on richness, complexity and intensity.

33
Q

Name the four classifications of Rutherglen Muscat?

A

Rutherglen Muscat; Classic Rutherglen Muscat; Grand Rutherglen Muscat; Rare Rutherglen Muscat

34
Q

Describe Rutherglen Muscat

A

Basic style, avg of 3-5 years, residual sweetness 180-240 g/l

35
Q

Describe a Classic Rutherglen Muscat

A

greater level of concentration, complexity and tertiary; avg age is 6-10 years, residuat sweetness is 200-280 g/l

36
Q

Describe a Grand Rutherglen Muscat

A

even great concentration and complexity, blends very young and very mature wines; ave age is 11-19 yrs; residual sweetness is 270-400

37
Q

Describe a Rare Rutherglen Muscat

A

bottled in tiny volumes; min avg age is 20 years; residual sweetness is 270-400 m/l

38
Q

Describe generally Rutherglen Muscats

A

medium amber or tawny in color; pronounced aromas of raisins, figs, dates and sweet spices; sweet on palate and full-bodied with medium plus acidiy and medium alcohol and pronounced intensity of flavors. Very good quality and mid-priced. Classic has deeper concentration and greater complexity.

39
Q

Describe a Grand or Rare Rutherglen Muscat

A

brown in color with nutty, liquorice character; sweeter and fuller bodied, higher acidity. outstanding quality and super premium prices.

40
Q

Who manages most of the Rutherglen Muscat production?

A

Only a handful of wineries, majority belonging to the Muscat of Rutherglen Network, mostly estate fruit.

41
Q

What % of wine business in Australia is Rutherglen Muscat?

A

Only 2%

42
Q

Who is the top export market of Rutherglen Muscat and who are the biggest producers?

A

UK; Campbells and Chambers Rosewood

D5 Fortified (5 decks)

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