VINEYARD MANAGEMENT Flashcards
Latitude needed for vines to grow successfully
30-50 degress north and south
What does a vine need?
Heat (sun and reradiated from soil)
Carbon Dioxide (atmosphere)
Sunlight (sun reflected from water)
Nutrients (soil particles, humus, fertiliser)
Water (rainfall, irrigation, water in soil)
Continentality
temperature difference between coldest and hottest months
Growing season temperatures of a cool climate
16.5 degrees or under
Growing season temperatures of a moderate climate
16.5 - 18.5 degrees
Growing season temperatures of a warm climate
18.5 - 21 degrees
Growing season temperatures of a hot climate
Over 21 degrees
Head training
Vines have little permanent wood
Can be low-trained to benefit from the heat or the soil or high-trained to avoid frosts
Can be either spur-pruned or replacement cane-pruned
Cordon training
Vines with a trunk with one or more permanent horizontal arms (‘cordons’)
Can be low-trained to benefit from the heat or the soil or high-trained to avoid frosts
Spur-pruned
Take longer to establish
Make machine harvesting easier
Spur pruning
Winter pruning
Spurs are short sections of one year old wood cut down to two or three buds
Replacement cane pruning
Winter pruning
Canes are longer sections of one-year-old wood that hold between 8 to 20 buds
Only one or two canes retained
Tied horizontally to the trellis for support
Complex
Bush vines
Untrellised vines where the shoots hang down
Head-trained and spur-pruned
Suited to hot, sunny and dry conditions, when the shade helps protect the grapes
Vertical Shoot Positioning
Vine’s shoots are trained vertically and are tied in place onto the trellis forming a single narrow canopy.
Prevents the shading of the berries by the shoots and leaves - sunlight and heat are maximised
Keeps the canopy as open, well aerated and shade-free as possible
Not possible on steep slopes
In hot regions, the top of shoots can be tied to flop over creating shade to protect the fruit (and allow mechanical harvesting)
Pergola system
Vine canopy is trained high with the fruit hanging down under a horizontal canopy of leaves
Protect grapes from sunburn and allows air to circulate
Used for high acid, low sugar grapes (like for sparkling wine) and for wines that need dried grapes
Planting density
Number of vines that are planted in a given area (vines per hectare)
Limited water availability = low planting density is beneficial to prevent too much competition
Low levels of nutrients and sufficient rainfall = high planting density provides enough competition for resources among roots to restrict the vines vegetative growth. Control over number of buds is important
High levels of nutrients and sufficient rainfall = not often suitable for vines. but can be controlled with low-density planting using vines with multiple canes.
