Vine Training Systems

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE TWO BASIC VINE TRAINING SYSTEMS?

Answer 1

Head Trained (Spur) or Cordon Trained (Cane)

Question 2

WHAT ARE TWO (CORDON) CANE TRAINING SYSTEMS?

Answer 2

1. Guyot – Developed by Jules Guyot. There is a simple and double form. Guyot is the easiest means of restraining yields. Common in Bordeaux.
2. Scott Henry – Developed at the Scott Henry Vineyard in Oregon. Doubles the fruiting area provided by the Guyot Double. Larger crops w/ripe fruit. Found mainly in the New World and becoming increasingly popular.
3. VSP – Vertical Shoot Positioning. Used for either cane or spur train vines. Widely used in NZ. Ideally suited to mechanization.

Question 3

WHAT IS VSP?

Answer 3

VSP – Vertical Shoot Positioning. Used for either cane or spur train vines. Widely used in NZ. Ideally suited to mechanization.

Question 4

WHAT ARE TWO SPUR (HEAD) TRAINING SYSTEMS?

Answer 4

1. Bush Vine – An unsupported version of the Gobelet. Term originated in Australia. Traditional in Beaujolais (where both supported and unsupported methods are known as Gobelet). Canes flop downward when heavy with fruit. In Beujolais crus, the number of canes is limited to 5. Only suitable for low vigor vines.
2. Chablis – Champagne is the most important region to emply this system, used for 90% of the Chardonnay there. Most of Chablis is now Guyot Double. Up to 5 permanent branches are cultivated.
3. Cordon de Royat – Champagne’s Pinot Noir is trained using this method.
4. Lyre – AKA the “U” system. Canopy is divided to allow more light and air. Developed in Bordeaux but now more common in the New World.

Question 5

NAME A BASIC CANE PRUNED/HEAD TRAINED SYSTEM?

Answer 5

Guyot developed in the 1860’s by Jules Guyot. It has 1 spur and 1 main 2 year old cane.

Question 6

NAME 2 TYPES OF SPUR TRAINING? WHERE IS THIS METHOD USED?

Answer 6

Champagne- Chablis & Cordon de Royat
Australia- Bush Vine
Austria- Lyra

Question 7

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANT ABOUT A CORDON TRAINING SYSTEM?

Answer 7

Vine has 1 permanent cane that extends from the trunk called an arm or cordon.
Cordon systems require trellising systems.
These are spur-pruned only.

Question 8

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANT ABOUT A HEAD TRAINING SYSTEM?

Answer 8

Vine has no permanent cordon and may be supported by a simple stake. They may also be spur-pruned or cane-pruned.

Question 9

HOW MAY HEAD TRAINED VINES BE PRUNED?

Answer 9

Spur-pruned or Cane-pruned

Question 10

WHAT IS A SPUR?

Answer 10

A cane cut back to 2 buds

Question 11

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE BUDS FOR A CORDON TRAINED VINE?

Answer 11

From 6 to over 12 buds.

Question 12

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A GUYOT AND A GUYOT DOUBLE?

Answer 12

G= 1 SPUR AND 1 MAIN CANE

DG= 1 SPUR AND 2 MAIN CANES

Question 13

WHAT IS THE MOST SIMPLEST FORM OF A SPUR PRUNED HEAD TRAINED SYSTEM?

Answer 13

Gobelet System, an ancient technique common in Southern Rhone and Southern Italy

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE SYNONYMS FOR GOBELET SYSTEM?

Answer 14

Albarello in Italy
En Vaso in Spain
Bush Vines in Australia

Question 15

WHAT IS ONE OF THE SIMPLEST SPUR-PRUNED/ CORDON TRAINED SYSTEMS?

Answer 15

Cordon de Royat, the preferred system in Champagne for Pinot Noir

Question 16

GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF A SPUR PRUNED/CORDON TRAINED SYSTEM?

Answer 16

Geneva System- Austria
Lyra System- Austria
Cordon de Royat- Champagne

Question 17

GIVE 3 EXAMPLES OF A SPUR PRUNED/HEAD TRAINED SYSTEMS?

Answer 17

Albarello in Italy
En Vaso in Spain
Bush Vines in Australia
Gobelet in Rhone Valley

Question 18

WHAT IS A TENDONE SYSTEM?

Answer 18

A Pergola system where the vines are trained upward and overhead along wooden frames or trees.

Question 19

HOW IS A TENDONE SYSTEM PRUNED?

Answer 19

Either Spur or Cane Pruned

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE SYNONYMS OF A TENDONE SYSTEM?

Answer 20

Pergola in Italy

Enforcado in Portugal