Diseases Flashcards
NAME AND DEFINE A TYPE OF PHYTOPLASMA DISEASE?
Flavescence Dorée- This is a PHYTOPLASMA DISEASE. It is similar to bacteria yet symptomatically similar to viral disease.
Leafhopper insects spread flavescence dorée. It will initially delay budbreak and slow shoot growth eventually causing bunches to fall off the vine and berries to shrivel. 1st appeared in Armagnac in 1949.
WHAT TYPE OF DISEASE IS FAN LEAF DEGENERATION AND WHAT IS THE CARRIER?
VIRAL, This affects vinifera cultivars. The causal virus is spread by dagger nematodes and planting material
WHAT TYPE OF DISEASE IS LEAF ROLL? HOW IS IT TREATED? WHERE IS IT COMMON?
VIRAL, This is responsible for the lovely gold and red leaves in the vineyard come autumn. The only known remedy is vine removal. A common virus in South Africa.
WHAT IS PIERCE’S DISEASE?
BACTERIAL, This results in premature leaf fall and eventual vine death. The disease is spread by insect vectors like leafhoppers.
WHAT IS CROWN GALL?
BACTERIAL- This is a serious problem in areas whereclimatic conditions favor freeze injury. This bacteria causes large tumors or growths to appear on the trunk of the vine.
WHAT IS BLACK ROT?
FUNGAL, it attacks all new growth, including leaves, petioles, shoots, tendrils and berries. Apperance has a light brown round, circular spots.
Treated by digging up dead canes, creating open an open canopy allow wind to come through.
WHAT TYPE OF DISEASE IS PHLOMOPSIS CANE AND LEAF SPOT?
FUNGAL, It attacks all green parts of a vine. If left untreated it can lead to berries and clusters to drop prematurely.
WHAT TYPE OF DISEASE IS ESCA?
FUNGAL, This thrives in warm climates and can kill a vine suddenly when hot weather arrives.
WHAT TYPE OF DISEASE IS EUTYPA DIEBACK?
FUNGAL, Also known as Dead Arm, The fungus stunts vine shoots and cups leaves by releasing a toxin into the plant. The affected cane or canes eventually die, hence the name, “dead arm”.
WHAT IS OIDIUM? WHAT IS THE SYNONYM FOR POWDERY MILDEW? WHAT WEATHER DOES IT THRIVE IN?
FUNGAL, Powdery Mildew aka Oidium.
Uncinula Necator thrives in humid and dry conditions. It inhibits bunch development and ripening. Controlled by applications of sulfur and other fungicides.
Native to North America that attacks the entire vine with white cobweb-like filaments. If an infection takes place before flowering, yields are reduced. If the clusters are infected by oidium, they will not reach full size or achieve maximum pigment development and the fruit will have undesirable flavors.
MASTERS QUESTION –
WHAT IS ANTHRACNOSE?
FUNGAL, Small Black Lesions on the leaves. Treated with Bordeaux Mixture
MASTERS QUESTION –
WHAT IS PERONASPERA? WHAT IS IT COMMONLY KNOWN AS? HOW IS IT SPREAD? CAN YOU DESCRIBE IT?
FUNGAL, Mildew native to North America that attacks the green portions of the plant.
A severe infection will cause the vine to lose its leaves, effectively delaying ripening. Threat of Downy Mildew is highest in warm, humid weather, but a copper-sulfate spray known as “Bordeaux Mixture” is effective in preventing an outbreak or curtailing an existing one.
MASTERS QUESTION –
WHAT IS THE SYNONYM FOR DOWNY MILDEW?
Peronospera aka Downy Mildew
MASTERS QUESTION –
WHAT IS BORDEAUX MIXTURE?
Cooper-sulfate, lime based spray used to treat Peronospera (Downy Mildew) & Anthracnose. These fungal diseases are common in maritime warm, humid areas.
In France, it is also known as Maillardet-David treatment.
MASTERS QUESTION –
WHAT FUNGAL DISEASE WAS THE BORDEAUX MIXTURE DEVELOPED TO COMBAT? WHO DEVELOPED IT?
“Bordeaux Mixture” is effective in preventing an outbreak or curtailing an existing one. Created at Ch. Dauzac in Margaux.
MASTERS QUESTION- WHAT IS THE BEST TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY LEVEL FOR BOTRYTIS CINEREA?
The fungus germinates and spreads when humidity is at least 90 percent and the weather is warm (59-68° F).
