Vine Especies Flashcards
Viticulture, The Vine, Vitis, The Rootstock, WSET L4 DIPLOMA
Talk about Vitis vinifera.
- survived the quartenary ice ages in Europa.
- variable vigour.
- variable ripening period.
- adapted to many soil types.
- NOT resistance to phylloxera.
Talk about Vitis vinifera sativa.
- subspecies of Vitis vinifera.
- the cultivated vine.
- with 5-10.000 wine-producing varieties.
- for good fruit set it is selected to be hermaphroditic.
Talk about Vitis vinifera silvestris.
- subspecies of Vitis vinifera.
- wild European vines.
- are not usually hermaphrodite.
- the ancestors of all modern grape varieties.
- mostly eliminated by phylloxera.
Talk about Vitis labrusca.
- north eastern USA.
- strongly flavoured, dark berries.
- foxied aromas
- common parent in American hybrids such as Concord.
- not often used for rootstock production.
Talk about Vitis riparia.
- found on river banks and alluvial soil in the central-eastern parts of North America.
- Principally used for rootstock production.
- low vigour.
- low surface rooting
- encourage early ripening.
- good resistance to phylloxera.
- to suffer from iron deficiency (chlorosis) in chalk soils.
- used to control vigour in highly fertile soils.
Talk about Vitis rupestris.
- light soils in the southern centre of the USA.
- used as a rootstock.
- it is vigorous, with a deep rooting system.
- good resistance to phylloxera.
- very susceptible to chlorosis.
- well adapted in poor soils with limited water availability.
Talk about Vitis berlandieri.
- chalky slopes in the southern USA and Mexico.
- used as a rootstock.
- it is vigorous, with a deep rooting system.
- high resistance to chlorosis.
- rarely it is used as a pure species because its cuttings have a very poor ability to root.
Often it is hybridised with:
- riparia: to produce lime-resistant rootstocks that graft;
- rupestris: to produce root easily different level of vigour.
What is the other way in which the name Vitis vinifera is often written?
V. vinifera.
Which family belongs to species V. vinifera?
Vitacea.
What are the 3 most Phylloxera resistance vine species?
- V. riparia
- V. rupestris
- V. berlandieri
All of them are American vine species.
How many are the rootstocks of V. vinifera × V. rupestris which have Phylloxera resistance? And what are their names?
They are 3:
- AXR1
- Couderc rootstocks 1202 and
- Couderc rootstocks 93–5
What are the name of the rootstocks of V. vinifera × V. berlandieri which have Phylloxera resistance? How many they are?
2.
- 41 B and
- 333 EM
Is V. vinifera very susceptible to nematodes?
Yes, it is.
How many and what are the vine species that have the most resistance to root knot nematodes?
They are three:
- V. champini
- V. longii
- V. cinerea
How many and what are the rootstocks commonly used for nematode tolerance?
They are seven:
- Ramsey
- Dog Ridge
- Harmony
- 1613 C
- 1616 C
- SO 4
- Schwarzmann.
How many and which are the vine species that contribute tolerance to the soils high in limestone common in Burgundy and Champagne?
They are 2:
- V. vinifera
- V. berlandieri
How many and which are the rootstocks acknowledged to have the highest lime tolerance?
They are three:
- 41 B
- 333 EM
- Fercal
How many and which are the best hybrids able to tolerate drought?
Berlandieri–rupestris is the best.
V. riparia species and hybrids have low drought tolerance too.
What are the names of rootstocks that were made by Berlandieri–rupestris hybrids?
How many are they?
They are four:
- 110 R
- 140 Ru
- 1103 P
- 99 R
How many are the most important vine species that are salt tolerance? What are their names?
They are three:
- V. berlandieri
- V. champini
- and V. vinifera is also tolerant.
How many and what are the vine species that give the most vigour?
They are three:
- V. champini
- V. berlandieri
- V. rupestris and their hybrids
Which is the vine specie that give the least vigour?
V. riparia
Which are the most vigorous rootstocks?
The most important are three:
- Rupestris St George
- 99 R
- 110 R
What are among the least vigorous rootstocks?
They are 2:
- Riparia Gloire
- 101–14
Where is V. vinifera indigenous from?
To Eurasia.
How are North American vine species used?
- in wine production in some regions
- mainly the function globally is as rootstock onto which V. vinifera is grafted
What are the most important North American vine species?
They are 3:
- Vitis labrusca
- Vitis riparia
- Vitis rupestris
How many grape varieties are known in the world?
Over a thousand
How is the structure of a vine?
It can be divide into 4 sections:
1) main shoots
2) one-year-old wood
3) permanent wood
4) roots
What is canopy in the anatomy of the vine ?
Is the word what expresses the set of the main shoots and all of their major structures.
What makes up the major structure of the main shoots?
- stem
- buds
- leaves
- lateral
- shoots
- tendrils
- inflorescences/grape bunches
