Climate - WSET Diploma - Unit 1 Flashcards

Learn about difference between the climates to developing of the vines. #mediterraneanclimate #maritimeclimate #continentality #continentalclimate #tropicalclimate #subtropicalclimate #coo #warm #hot

1
Q

How many are the climate classifications? What are they?

A

Four.

  • Maritme
  • Mediterranean
  • Continental
  • Tropical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Talk about the Maritme climate and give the examples of areas where has this kind of climate.

A
  • low annual range of temperatures (warm summers and mild winters)
  • often combined with relatively high rainfall.
  • Usually it is found near large bodies of water.
  • Rainfall during the growing season tends to be higher and this generally brings extra cloud cover.
  • The combination of moderate temperatures and clouds makes this kind of climate IDEAL FOR THE PRODUCTION of MEDIUM-BODIED wines with MODERATE alcohol levels.

Ex:
- Europe: Bordeaux/France (red and white wines); Rias Baíxas/Spain; Vinho Verde/Portugal.

  • North America: North Atlantic Coast
  • South America: x
  • Oceania: eastern coast of NZ; Mornington Peninsula - in Victoria State / Australia.
  • Africa: Walker Bay/South Africa (cool maritme)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the Mediterranean climate. Give the examples of areas where has this kind of climate.

A
  • low annual range of temperatures
  • with warm, dry, sunny summers
  • and mostly mild, wet winters - most of the rain falling during the winter.

The dry, sunny conditions ARE SUITABLE FOR A WIDE RANGE OF WINE STYLES, but specially enable the production of MEDIUM-FULL BODIED, RICHLY-textured RED wines with RIPE TANINS.

Ex:

  • Europe: throughout the Mediterranean basin
  • North America: west coast of UEA
  • South America: Chile
  • Oceania: Southern and South Western Australia
  • Africa: Cape Province / South Africa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Talk about the Continental climate and give the examples of areas where has this kind of climate.

A
  • a wide annual range of temperature: hot summers and cold winters.
  • Normally it is found inland, away from the moderating affects of the sea.
  • In regions FAR from Equator, the average annual temperature may be VERY LOW.
  • but the CONTINENTALITY can result in VERY WARM (albeit short) SUMMERS. The temperatures drop more rapidly in autumn, and it gives a shorter growing season, there is less sunlight and warmth available at the end of the growing season.
    This climate IS BETTER to cultivate EARLY-RIPENING varieties like CHARDONNAY e PINOT NOIR.
  • Because Continental climates TEND TO BE DRIER than Maritime Cl., it REDUCES THE RISK of rot at harvest time and makes later harvesting less of risk.
  • COOL Continental Climates* - the dry autumn can enable the production of INTENSELY-FLAVOURED, LATE-HARVEST white wines with HIGH potential alcohols, which may be vinified as sweet wines or dry.
  • WARM Continental Climates* - best to grape varieties adapted to the long autumn. Ex: Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec.

Ex:

  • Europe: Champagne/France; Mosel/Germany
  • North America: Canada
  • South America: Mendoza/Argentine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the Tropical climate.

A
  • Its shows minimal temperature variation throughout the year,
  • the temperature signals is unclear to vine distinguishes when is the dormant periods and growth cycles.
  • usually, tropical and sub-tropical are considered unsuitable for high quality viticulture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why plants are dependent on the climate parameters for their development. Give examples of these climate parameters?

A

Because they have no mechanisms for controlling their environment.

The climate parameters are rainfall and temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe what is the climate.

A

It is the annual wheather pattern of an area averaged over several decades.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe some advantages of Mediterranean climates for viticulture.

A
  • Sunshine is mostly more reliable and generous than others kind of climates.
  • There is less risk of rainfall during the growing season and excessive rainfall during ripening and harvest. As a result of these rainfall patterns, the risk of fungal diseases is generally lower.
  • Drip irrigation allows a better degree of control over soil water availability and vine vigour, and permits the use of mesoclimates and soils that were too dry for viticulture before.
  • Improved canopy management has at least as great an application as in other climates.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can be classified the vine growing regions according to the average temperature during the growing season?

A
  • Cool: below 16ºC
  • Moderate: 16.5 - 18.5ºC
  • Warm: 18.5 - 21ºC
  • Hot: above 21ºC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is the growing season in the each hemisphere?

A

North hemisphere: April to October

South hemisphere: October to April

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is find a typical COOL climate and what kind of grape variety is better to cultivated there?

A
  • Europe: Champagne / France; Mosel / Germany; Southern England.
  • Oceania: Marlborough/New Zealand; Tasmania / Australia
  • North America: Anderson Valley and Carneros / UEA

This climate is better to EARLY-RIPENING varieties as CHARDONNAY and PINOT NOIR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is find a typical MODERATE climate and what kind of grape variety is better to cultivated there?

A
  • Europe: Bordeaux and Northern Rhone in France; Rioja in Spain; Tuscany and Piedmont in Italy.
  • Oceania: Coonawarra in Australia.
  • North America: Napa Valley and Sonoma in UEA.

It is better to cultivate INTERMEDIATE-RIPENING varieties such CABERNET SAUVIGNON, MERLOT and SANGIOVESE.

This kind of climate is suited to the production of MEDIUM-BODIED wines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is find a typical WARM climate and what kind of grape variety is better to cultivated there?

A
  • Europe:
  • Oceania:
  • North America:
  • South America:
  • Africa:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is find a typical HOT climate and what kind of grape variety is better to cultivated there?

A
  • Europe:
  • Oceania:
  • North America:
  • South America:
  • Africa:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is possible vines growing with high quality in an area with Tropical climate? Give an example.

A
  • in locations where temperature is moderated by altitude or proximity to cool oceans.

Ex:
- South America: South of Brazil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly