videos to watch: transcription and replication

Question 1

chromosomes contain long strands of DNA that are tightly wound around what protein?

Answer 1

histones

Question 2

what are the instructions located within the DNA that make proteins?

Answer 2

genes

Question 3

when a gene is switched on, what enzyme attaches to the start of the gene?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Question 4

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA makes a strand of what out of free bases in the nucleus?

Answer 4

mRNAs

Question 5

what is the process in which the DNA code determines the order where the free bases are added to the mRNA?

Answer 5

transcription

Question 6

before the mRNA can be used as a template for the production of proteins, where in the cell is it processed?

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

what binds to the mRNA that reads the code to produce a chain of amino acids?

Answer 7

ribosomes

Question 8

how many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

what carries the amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 9

tRNA

Question 10

how many bases at a time is the mRNA read?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

as each transfer is read, what delivers the corresponding amino acid that leads to a long chain of amino acids?

Answer 11

tRNA

Question 12

once the last chain of amino acids has been added, the chain folds into a 3D shape to form what?

Answer 12

protein

Question 13

what is the first step to DNA replication?

Answer 13

separate the two strands of DNA via helicase

Question 14

what does the helicase result in for DNA?

Answer 14

replication fork

Question 15

what starts the process of the separated strands strands that provide a template for creating the new strand of DNA?

Answer 15

primase

Question 16

what is the function of primase?

Answer 16

marks the starting point of for the construction of new strand of DNA

Question 17

what binds the primer to make the new strand of DNA?

Answer 17

DNA polymerase

Question 18

what direction does DNA polymerase add DNA bases?

Answer 18

5’-3’

Question 19

which strand of DNA is made continuously?

Answer 19

leading

Question 20

why is the lagging strand made discontinuously in small chunks?

Answer 20

it runs in the opposite direction

Question 21

what are the small chunks made by the lagging strand?

Answer 21

okazaki fragments

Question 22

once the new DNA has been made, what enzyme removes all RNA primers from both strands of DNA

Answer 22

exonuclease

Question 23

what fills in the gaps left behind with DNA?

Answer 23

another DNA polymerase

Question 24

what seals the fragments of DNA in both strands to form a continuous double strand?

Answer 24

DNA ligase

Question 25

why is DNA replication is described as semi-conservative?

Answer 25

because each DNA molecule is made up of one, conserved strand of DNA and one new one