videos to watch: lung volume changes, pulmonary volumes and capacity, vocal cord growths

Question 1

how many pairs of ribs directly attach to to the sternum?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

what are the muscles in between the ribs?

Answer 2

intercostal muscles

Question 3

when the diaphragm contracts, which way does it go?

Answer 3

down, flattens out

Question 4

how much alveoli do we have?

Answer 4

500 million

Question 5

what is the protein that surrounds the cells of the alveoli?

Answer 5

elastin

Question 6

what is happens to the alveoli after there is an increase in volume and the muscles contract?

Answer 6

they are stretched open

Question 7

what is happens to the alveoli after there is a decrease in volume and the muscles relax?

Answer 7

they recoil

Question 8

for muscles to contract for inhaling, what chemical energy is used?

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

for muscles to relax during exhaling, what energy is used?

Answer 9

elastic potential energy

Question 10

how many mls for tidal volume?

Answer 10

500, btw 2750 and 2250

Question 11

what is a combination of tidal volume and the biggest breath you can take?

Answer 11

inspiratory reserve volume of 3250 ml

Question 12

how much air can we breathe down?

Answer 12

1200 mls

Question 13

everything that is left after a forceful expiration

Answer 13

residual volume, less than 1200 mls

Question 14

what is between the residual volume and the tidal volume?

Answer 14

expiratory reserve volume, 1100 mls

Question 15

tidal respiration + inspiratory reserve volume =

Answer 15

total inspiratory capacity, 3750 mls

Question 16

tidal respiration + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve =

Answer 16

vital capacity, 4.6 L

Question 17

what is the maximum inspiration all the way down to 0? (vital capacity - residual volume)

Answer 17

total lung capacity, 1200 mls

Question 18

what is typically used to visualize the larynx?

Answer 18

fiber optic scope, laryngoscopy

Question 19

what path does the laryngoscopy usually take?

Answer 19

through the nasal passage and down the back of the throat

Question 20

true or false: vocal cord nodules are usually bilateral

Answer 20

true

Question 21

true or false: vocal cord nodules are malignant

Answer 21

false: benign

Question 22

whats the difference in appearance between nodules and papillomas?

Answer 22

papillomas are bumpy and have irregular shaped borders

Question 23

true or false: papillomas have to be cut out or excised to go away

Answer 23

true

Question 24

what virus usually causes papillomas?

Answer 24

HPV

Question 25

what causes HPV?

Answer 25

oral sex

Question 26

true or false: papillomas can grow back after being removed?

Answer 26

true

Question 27

how and where does laryngeal carcinoma grow?

Answer 27

irregularly on the vocal cords

Question 28

how do you tell the difference between papillomas and carcinomas?

Answer 28

under a microscope

Question 29

what can cause squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 29

smoking and alcohol

Question 30

how do you treat laryngeal carcinoma?

Answer 30

excision, usually with whole larynx is removed and patients lose their ability to speak, may need radiation or chemotherapy as well