Videos- Biology

Question 1

Start codons

Answer 1

AUG

Question 2

Stop codons

Answer 2

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 3

Pi/isoelectric point

Answer 3

the pH in which the aa is in it’s zwitterion (has no charge overall)

Question 4

Wobble

Answer 4

3rd position doesn’t hav eto be a perfect match

Question 5

exonuclease

Answer 5

chew from the outside

Question 6

pKa values for an acidic amino acid uses…

Answer 6

the lowest 2 pKa values

Question 7

pKa for a basic amino acid uses…

Answer 7

the 2 highest pKa values

Question 8

endonuclease

Answer 8

cuts within the strand (like restriction enzymes)

Question 9

Eukaryotic ribosome subunits

Answer 9

40s

60s

80s

Question 10

Prokaryotic subunits

Answer 10

30S

50S

70S

Question 11

___need 1 to reproduce while ___ need 2 cells

Answer 11

Prokaryotes need 1; eukaryotes need 2

Question 12

A site

Answer 12

aminoacyl tRNA to load chain; new tRNA comes in

Question 13

P site

Answer 13

Peptidyl tRNA holding the growing chain

Question 14

primary structure

Answer 14

amino acid sequence

Question 15

secondary structure

Answer 15

alpha helices and beta sheets; short range interactions

Question 16

tertiary structure

Answer 16

long range interactions; disulfide bonds, salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions; myoglobin

Question 17

quaternary structure

Answer 17

multiple subunits; hemoglobin

Question 18

chaperone proteins

Answer 18

help give the protein a chance in a local environment; effecting in getting the cell to refold

Question 19

Helicase

Answer 19

unwinds DNA

Question 20

Topoisomerase

Answer 20

Makes sure supercoiling doens’t happen

Question 21

Primase

Answer 21

makes RNA primer

Question 22

DNA polymerase

Answer 22

adds the nucleotides to synthesize the new DNA strand

Question 23

DNA ligase

Answer 23

used on the lagging strand to connec the Okazaki fragments together

Question 24

RNA primer

Answer 24

~11 nucleotides long; where the DNA polymerase starts ot create the new piece of DNA

Question 25

Single-strand binding proteins

Answer 25

prevents the strands reannealing

Question 26

Telomere

Answer 26

repetitive nucleotide sequence at hte end of a chromosome

Question 27

Semiconservative DNA experimeent

Answer 27

Messelson stahl experiment- radioactive nucleotides and measured the weight from the Nitrogenous base isotope

Question 28

Which enzyme can tell if there's a mistake?

Answer 28

DNA polymerase has a proofreading function

Question 29

DNA damage and fix process

Answer 29

1) xray or UV leads to damaged DNA 2) endonuclease removes the damaged DNA 3) gap is closed by DNA polymerase and ligase

Question 30

Trp operon

Answer 30

repressible (normally on, but can be turned off)

Question 31

Lac operon

Answer 31

inducible (typically off but can be turned on)

Question 32

regulator

Answer 32

codes for the gene for the repressor that can bind to teh operator

Question 33

promoter

Answer 33

where the RNA polymerase connects to teh strand

Question 34

operator

Answer 34

where the repressor can sit

Question 35

In the lac operon, the structural gene is

Answer 35

β-lactamase

Question 36

in normal circumstances, the structural gene is turned...

Answer 36

off

Question 37

prokaryotic specific initiation and termination components

Answer 37

sigma factor, hairpin, Rho factor

Question 38

sigma factor

Answer 38

25-35 bp upstream before the gene, allows the RNA to sit down

Question 39

hairpin loop

Answer 39

RNA folds back in on itself on teh DNA so that hte polymerase can't go any farther

Question 40

Rho factor

Answer 40

termiantion fo transcription; 72 nucleotides after hte reading frame, GC rich region (harder to seperate, more h bonds)

Question 41

eukaryotic specific initiation and elongation

Answer 41

TATA box, helicase

Question 42

RNA polymerase I

Answer 42

located in the nucleolus and synthesizes tRNA

Question 43

RNA polymerase II

Answer 43

located in the nucleus and synthesizes hnRNA (pre-processed mRNA) and some small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 44

RNA polymerase III

Answer 44

located in the nucleus and synthesizes tRNA and some rRNA