Video Ch1 Part 1 Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
The study of matter and its changes
The CENTRAL SCIENCE - plays a role in all other sciences
What is matter?
Everything that has mass and volume
Where is Chemistry found in daily life?
4 areas?
Health and medicine
Energy and the environment
Materials and technology
Food and agriculture
HM, EE, MT, FA
Hi MEET ME for Food & Agriculture
What are the five branches of Chemistry?
Analytical - the study of the components of substances
Physical- studies, physical properties
(measured/observed)
Biochemistry- studies how living things function
Organic- study is compounds that contain
CARBON
INORGANIC- studies compounds that DO
NOT contain carbon
What systematic approach to research do all branches employ and what are the steps to it?
The scientific method:
1. Carefully defined the problem.
2. Set up a hypothesis (educated guess)
3. Set up experiment and collect data.
(Quantitative#s/Qualitative-characteristics
4. Organize data into logical patterns.pie
5. Make conclusions.-hypothesis was correct or incorrect
Three ways to classify matter:
- Substance
- Mixture
- Elements
Something that can be identified by its properties that has constant composition and specific properties
Substance
Examples-
bleach- (smell identifies it)
Sodium Chloride - Salt (identify by taste)
Sulfur- can be identified by its smell
A substance is either a _____ or an _____?
A compound or an element
Examples:
NaCl - salt
Gold or Silver
Matter can be broken down into two categories:
Pure substances and mixtures
Elements and compounds are the type of matter that are listed under which category?
Pure Substances
The other type of matter that is not a pure substance is a ?
Mixture
Mixtures can be broken down into two categories, what are they?
Homogeneous mixtures (solutions)
Heterogeneous mixtures
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Name three examples of a homogeneous mixture
It’s a uniform mixture with a constant composition throughout
Salt, water, mouthwash, all alloys (bronze- a mixture of elements, etc)
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
name three examples of a heterogeneous mixture:
Heterogeneous mixture is something that can be different. One part of it can be different from another part of it like oil and water. The composition is not constant.
Examples are pizza, Italian, salad dressing, solid waste dump
What kind of mixture is:
A) air
B) Donald Trump
A) Air=homogeneous - 5 gases (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, & water)
ON CD AW
B) Donald Trump= heterogeneous (heart, liver, kidney, etc)
Diagram
Pure substances can be broken down into what two categories?
Give example examples of each
Elements and compounds
Elements - oxygen, hydrogen, iron, etc
Compounds - table, salt, water, ammonia
NaCl, H2O, NH3
What were the four elements that the Greeks claimed in the 5th century BC?
Earth, fire, water, air
In the 4th century BC, what 5 elements did the Chinese claim?
Earth, fire, water, metal, wood
What did Robert Boyle claim in 1661?
There was no preconceived number of elements
1869 who arranged the elements into the first periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
What is today’s definition of an element?
Substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances
What are five different ways that elements got their names over the years?
1) Property in a different language (Fe =Ferrum for Iron in another language)
2) Place of discovery (Californium, germanium, francium, Berkelium (after University of Berkeley in CA)
3) Ytterby, Sweden- 4 elements are named after this (erbium, terbium, atrium, eterbium)
4) Planets/mythology (Plutonium, Uranium, Neptunian)(Promethium- Prometheus- the god that gave humans fire)
5) after noted scientists - which scientist does not have an element named after him? Isaac Newton
What is the fourth classification of matter and what is its definition?
Compounds - a pure substance, composed of two or more elements bonded together and fixed proportions that can be broken down into those elements by a chemical reaction
CO2 is a 1 to 2 ratio (fixed proportion)
If we are talking about carbon dioxide, there always has to be a 1 to 2 ratio
Carbon Monoxide is a 1 to 1 ratio
What is the SI unit for length and its symbol?
meter - M
What is the SI unit for Mass and its symbol?
Kilogram - kg
What is the SI unit for Time and its symbol?
Seconds - S
What is the SI unit for temperature and its symbol?
Kelvin - K
A measurement always needs two things. What are they?
A number and a unit
Why were SI units implemented?
To have a standard unit of measurement that is understood no matter what where you are in the universe
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Masses constant, no matter where you are
Wait depends on your gravitational pull
Your weight on the moon would be different where as your mask on the moon would be the same
What is density?
Mass per unit volume
D= M/V
For volume, we consider the volume of a cube which is?
Length X width X height, which = M^3
Meters cubed for volume
Density is measured in what?
Mass cubed
DM3 Density=Mass cubed
An electrical current is measured by what?
Ampere - A
Amount of a substance is measured by what SI unit and symbol?
Mole - mol
Luminous intensity is measured by what SI unit and symbol?
Candela - cd
10^12
1x10^12m =1×10¹² m
Tera- T
Terameter (TM)
10^9
1 x 10^9=1,000,000,000
Giga-
Gigameter (Gm)
10^6
1x10^6=1,000,000
Mega-
Megameter (Mm)
10^3
1x10^3=1,000
Kilo-
Kilometer km
10^-1
1/10
0.1
Deci d
Decimeter dm
10^-2
1x10^-2
1/100
Centi-
Centimeter (cm)
.01
10^-3
1x10^-3
1/1000
Milli-
m
Millimeter
10^-6
1x10-6
1/1,000,000
Micro-
Symbol is a u
Micrometer
10^-9
1/1,000,000,000
1x10^-9
Nano-
Nanometer
10^-12
1/1,000,000,000,000
1x10^-12
Pico-
Picometer
What is the lowest theoretically attainable temperature?
Absolute zero which is
0 Kelvin
Degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit
C= (F-32)*5/9
Fahrenheit to Celsius
F= 9/5C+32
Kelvin to Celsius
Degrees Celsius * 273
