Victimology Final Exam - 7 Flashcards
How is resilience related to victimization?
Resilience is a form of individual and institutional agency that helps people and communities shape their experience of harm, acting as the opposite of injury.
What is resilience?
Resilience is a resource that helps individuals cope with trauma and adversity. It has been used in various settings, from childhood development to disaster management.
How is resilience framed in victimology?
It has been studied in response to traumatic events such as 9/11 to understand its role in both personal vulnerability and state security.
What is the Axis of Resilience?
It illustrates the relationship between resilience, risk, and adversity, distinguishing between individual (inherent) and social (structural) resilience.
What challenges exist in understanding resilience?
It is unclear how resilience works, its role in shaping trauma, and how to measure its impact.
Why is flexibility important in resilience?
Resilience involves an elastic capacity to ‘bounce back’ from harm or absorb harm while maintaining equilibrium.
How do resilience, recovery, and resistance differ?
Recovery: Returning to a prior state after harm.
Resistance: Avoiding harm altogether.
Resilience: Adapting and growing after experiencing harm.
How does resistance support resilience?
Resistance can provide meaningful resources that aid resilience by helping individuals endure harm.
What is post-traumatic growth?
Some people who experience trauma and bereavement not only recover but thrive, demonstrating growth rather than suffering PTSD.
How does resilience interact with injury?
Resilience balances injury by providing control over harm. It can function as both a reaction to injury and a proactive coping mechanism.
How does victimology challenge traditional victim narratives?
It argues that victims should not be seen as passive and powerless but as active agents with the ability to exercise resilience.
How does victimology redefine harm?
It promotes a view of harm as not just an injury but a balance between trauma and the victim’s capacity to respond.
Why is criminal intent important in victimology?
Intent differentiates criminal harm from other types of harm and is central to the justice process.
What are the key legal elements in determining criminal responsibility?
Actus Reus: The criminal act itself.
Mens Rea: The intent to commit the act.
What are the different levels of intent in criminal responsibility?
Full Intent: Deliberate action to cause harm.
Recklessness: Awareness of risk but proceeding anyway.
Negligence: Failing to recognize potential harm due to carelessness.
