Vicky's Q's Flashcards
What are 3 definitions of “attitude”?
- A learned predisposition for a response
- An enduring organisation of value, feelings, and behavioural tendencies
- A particular tendency expressed by evaluating something with (dis)favour
Can attitudes be observed?
No, not directly
How can we investigate attitudes in research?
By considering the ABC elements:
Affective (how they feel - also known as evaluative by Osgood)
Behavioural (how they act)
Cognitive (their perceptions or beliefs (or values?))
Together these 3 make up an attitude
What are 4 types of attitude?
Flexible stability (consistent but adaptable to change)
Evaluative (Osgood - their likes and dislikes)
Learned (in which case it can be taught)
Predisposition (which is a tendency towards a behaviour, but not a behaviour itself)
(FELP)
Are beliefs the same as attitudes?
No, but they are connected. They are considered in the “cognitive” elements of attitudes (see the ABCs)
What are three types of beliefs? (DII)
Descriptive (which can be factual)
Inferential (can’t directly be observed)
Informational (can come from external sources)
How can we define values?
As an internalised cognitive structure,
reflecting the regard something is held to deserve,
providing us with standards and principles which guide our everyday behaviour and outlook.
Pajares says that beliefs are difficult to untangle from what?
Knowledge, attitudes, opinions, and theory.
What are Rokeach’s 5 levels of belief?
Primitive A (of the self/ constructional, foundational) Primitive B (security, experience, can be influence by the media) Authority C (from sources we trust or have faith in) Derived D (which come from influence from politics, authority, etc) Insignificant E (taste, easily changeable)
How can we define a belief system?
As a set of principles which guide our reality
How much of learning is done in formal environments
Less than 10%
Around 30%
About 50%
60% or more
Less than 10%
How much of learning is done in informal environments?
Less than 10%
Around 30%
About 50%
60% or more
60% or more
How much of learning is done in non-formal environments?
Less than 10%
Around 30%
About 50%
60% or more
About 50%
Name three significant EE movements
Nature Conservation Education
Nature as Teacher movement
Education for Sustainable Development
What are some characteristics of the Nature as Teacher movement?
Connections and relationships are paramount
Encourages a circular economy
Resilience
Ecological intelligence
Consideration of management of complex adaptive systems
How can we define resilience (as seen in the Nature as Teacher movement)?
As preparedness to cope with adversity
As an ability to positively adapt to stress or adversity
As a two-sided notion: 1) exposure to adversity 2) a positive adjustment to adversity
How can we define emotional intelligence?
As an ability to recognise emotions and label them appropriately
What are some characteristics of Education for Sustainable Development?
It can be seen as “learning to change the world” (formation)
It considers what and how to learn
It aims to stimulate agency and empowerment for choices and actions
It includes all elements of the interconnected 17 SDGs
What are some characteristics of Nature Conservation Education?
One of the oldest forms of EE; pre-industrial era
It engaged socioeconomically advantaged people (not necessarily intentionally)
There are differences in its approaches around the world, connected to cultural perspectives of “nature” and “conservation”
It moved into schools via science education
What are ideologies?
A set of belief systems which help guide us in everyday reality.
What are 5 sources of beliefs?
MECEF
Mentors Experience Culture Education Faith
How can we define a value?
As a stable, long-lasting belief. Values help us to make choices.
Considering beliefs and truth, how can we define knowledge?
Knowledge is the subset of truth that overlaps with our beliefs.
Absolute truth doesn’t change if we have knowledge of it or not.
How can we define ‘bias’?
Biases are distortions that people make in their assessments of facts and events. There are at least 3 types:
Cognitive bias is a subjective view that doesn’t accurately reflect reality
Confirmation bias is when we select affirmations to existing beliefs.
Cultural bias is when assumptions are based through a cultural lens