VHD Flashcards
S1
Mitral valve and tricuspid valve
S2
Aortic valve and pulmonic valve
“Pressure overload”
Valvular stenosis
“Volume overload”
Valvular regurgitation
Murmur of TR usually increases with inspiration
Carvallo sign
Diastolic or continuous murmur
Request echocardiography
Refer to cardiologist
Type of murmur always signifies a structural heart disease
Diastolic murmur
Holosystolic murmur
VSD
MR
Tricuspid regurgitation
Systolic murmur
AS/PS
MR/TR
MVP
ASD
VSD
Diastolic murmur
AR/PR
MS/TS
Crescendo, midsystolic murmur
AS
Diastolic murmur after the opening snap
MS
Early diastolic murmur
AR
Right-sided murmurs (increase with inspiration)
TR
TS
PR
PS
Left-sided murmur (louder during expiration)
AS
AR
MS
MR
Cardinal symptoms of AS
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea
“SAD”
Most common cause of AS
Atherosclerosis
Congenital cause = Bicuspid aortic valve
Pulvus parvus et tardus
Aortic stenosis
Murmur may also be transmitter to the apex, resembling MR = GALLAVARDIN EFFECT
Aortic stenosis
Sign refers to the visible pulsation of uvula, which is suggestive of aortic regurgitation
Muller sign
What treatment should be avoided in acute AR
Beta blocker
Graham Steell murmur
Pulmonic regurgitation
Which valvular lesion is reduction in the production of type III collagen has been incriminated
MVP
