BUZZ1 Flashcards
Most potent risk factor
for osteoarthritis
Age
Initial analgesic of
choice for osteoarthritis
Acetaminophen/Paracetamol
Maximum dose of
acetaminophen in
osteoarthritis
1 gram TID
Earliest involved joints
in rheumatoid arthritis
Small joints of the hands and
feet
Subluxation of the 1st
MCP joint with
hyperextension of the
1st IP joint
Z-line deformity
Nodular RA,
splenomegaly and
neutropenia
Felty’s syndrome
DMARDs in RA
Methotrexate (first-line)
Sulfasalazine
Hydroxychloroquine
Leflunomide
Onset of action of
DMARDs
6 to 12 weeks (delayed)
Most serious toxicities
associated with use of
hydroxychloroquine
Irreversible retinal damage
Cardiotoxicity
Blood dyscrasia
Triple therapy in RA
Methotrexate
Sulfasalazine
Hydroxychloroquine
Avoid in G6PD
deficiency
Sulfasalazine
Category X DMARDs
Methotrexate
Leflunomide
Monitoring of serum
creatinine, CBC and liver
function tests during
methotrexate therapy
2 to 3 months
Biological in RA by
inhibiting the costimulation
of T-cells by
blocking CD28-CD80/86
interactions
Abatacept
TB screening required
prior to initiation of the
following biologics
TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab)
Abatacept, Anakinra
IL-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab, sarilumab)
Hallmark features of
psoriatic arthritis
Dactylitis, enthesitis
Most common acute
rash in SLE
Malar rash
Most common chronic
dermatitis in SLE
Discoid rash
Autoantibody in
subacute cutaneous
lupus
Anti-Ro (SS-A)
Anti-arrhythmic causing
drug-induced lupus
Procainamide
Disopyramide
Propafenone
Anti-hypertensives
causing drug-induced
lupus
Hydralazine
Methyldopa
ACE inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Anti-biotics causing
drug-induced lupus
Isoniazid
Minocycline
Nitrofurantoin
Other drugs causing
drug-induced lupus
Propylthiouracil
Chlorpromazine
Lithium
Positively birefringent,
rhomboid-shaped
crystals in synovial fluid
Calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD)
Negatively birefringent,
needle-shaped crystals
in synovial fluid
Urate (Gout)
Treatment of Raynaud’s
phenomenon
- Nonpharmacologic: dress
warmly, avoid cold exposure,
avoid drugs that exacerbate
vasospasm - Pharmacologic: Amlodipine,
diltiazem, ARBs, alphablockers
and PDE5-inhibitors
Maximum dose of
metformin in patients
with normal renal
function
2550 mg per day
Contraindications to
metformin use
eGFR < 30
Lactic acidosis
Severe hepatic failure
Diabetes drugs that can
cause weight loss
Metformin
α-glucosidase inhibitors
GLP1 receptor agonists
SGLT2 inhibitors
Diabetes drugs that are
weight neutral
DPP4 inhibitors
Diabetes drugs that can
cause weight gain
Insulin
Sulfonylureas
Thiazolidinediones
Diabetes drugs that can
cause hypoglycemia
Insulin
Sulfonylureas
Vitamin deficiency
associated with
metformin use
Vitamin B12
FDA approved drugs for
the treatment of painful
diabetic neuropathy
Pregabalin
Duloxetine
Tapentadol
Insulin with the longest
duration of action
Insulin degludec
Long-acting insulin with
fatty acid side chain
Insulin determir
Diabetes drug
associated with C-cell
hyperplasia in rats
GLP1 receptor agonists
SGLT2 inhibitor
associated with risk of
lower limb amputation
Canagliflozin
DPP4 inhibitor associated
with heart failure
Saxagliptin
Most common cause of
Cushing syndrome
Exogenous steroids
Most common cause of
Cushing disease
ACTH secreting pituitary
adenoma
Treatment of choice for
Cushing disease
Transsphenoidal surgical
resection
Medical treatment of
Cushing syndrome in
pregnancy
Metyrapone
Order of trophic
hormone deficiency in
pituitary tumor
syndromes
GH > FSH > LH > TSH > ACTH
Receptor for dopamine
agonists
D2
Receptors for
somatostatin receptor
analogues
SST2 and SST5
Only anabolic agent
used for the treatment
of osteoporosis
Teriparatide
Monoclonal antibody for
RANKL
Denosumab
Rare adverse effects of
bisphosphonates
Atypical femoral fracture
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Drug of choice in
hypercalcemia of
malignancy
Zoledronic acid
Bisphosphonates that
can be used in GERD
Zoledronic acid (IV form)
Pamidronate (IV form)
Anti-hypercalcemic
agent that provides
analgesic effect in
vertebral fractures
Calcitonin
Associated with
tachyphylaxis
Calcitonin
Anti-hypercalcemic
agent of choice in ESRD
Denosumab
PTU-associated
vasculitis
p-ANCA positive vasculitis
Drugs that inhibit
peripheral conversion of
T4 to T3
Propylthiouracil
Propranolol
Glucocorticoids
Drugs that decrease
absorption of
levothyroxine
Aluminum-containing antacids
Ferrous sulfate
Calcium carbonate
Sucralfate
Doubling of statin dose
can decrease LDL-C by
how much?
6%
High intensity statins
Rosuvastatin 20 – 40 mg
Atorvastatin 40 – 80 mg
Channel blocked by
ezetimibe
NPC1L1
Only known drug that can
increase HDL-C levels
Niacin
Major adverse effect of
orlistat
Steatorrhea, oily stools
Anti-obesity drug with
the greatest amount of
weight loss
Phentermine/topiramate
GLP1 receptor agonists
used for weight loss
Liraglutide
Semaglutide
Most commonly
performed bariatric
surgery procedure
Sleeve gastrectomy
Beta blockers with
mortality benefit in
heart failure
Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Metoprolol succinate
Beta blockers with mixed
beta and alpha blockade
Carvedilol
Labetalol
Beta blockers with
partial agonist activity
Acebutolol
Pindolol
Beta blocker with
potentiation of nitric
oxide activity
Nebivolol
Heart failure drug that
decreases circulating
natriuretic peptides and
left atrial size?
Sacubitril-valsartan
1st line drug for SVT
Adenosine (IV)
No termination on IV
adenosine
IV Ibutilide + AV nodal-blocking
agent
IV procainamide + AV nodalblocking
agent
Treatment of choice for
multifocal atrial
tachycardia
Treat underlying cause
Epsilon waves are seen
on ECG in which
condition?
Arrthymogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy
Underlying cause of
“holiday heart”
Acetaldehyde
Features of cardiac
tamponade
(-) KY = no Kussmaul’s and no Ydescent
Patient with an ECG
showing both irregular
atrial and ventricular rates
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
Mechanism of
arrhythmogenesis in
patients with Torsades
de Pointes
Early after depolarizations
Distinctive elevation of
the J point described as
a convex hump on ECG
Hypothermia
Duration of symptoms
for diagnosis of major
depressive disorder
2 weeks
Major requirement in the
diagnostic criteria for
major depressive disorder
Depressed mood or
characterized by a loss of
pleasure or interest
Pathology most
commonly associated
with adult respiratory
distress syndrome
Diffuse alveolar damage
Signs/symptoms seen in
meningitis
Kernig’s, Brudzinski’s, Jolt
accentuation maneuver
Average GFR of 57-yearold
man
93 ml/min/1.73 m2
Associated most with
depression
Anti-hypertensive
Bleeding/hemorrhage in
the delicate innermost
layers of the meninges
Intracerebral
Segmental vitiligo
- Mostly unilateral
- Differs in cause and frequency
of associated illness - Early onset and more rapid
progression - Treatment in the same as that
of non-segmental vitiligo
Translation of viral
genome in dengue fever
Cytoplasm
Serum sodium of semiconscious
75-year-old
man with heat stroke
128 mEq/L
Epidermis
- Cells are continually shred
from the stratum corneum - It assists the immune system
in warding off pathogens - Nourishment is mainly
provided by diffusion
Petechial rash in
meningococcal
meningitis
- Rapidly spreading
- Non-blanching
- Purple or red spots
- Small and irregular
Tests for detecting H.
pylori
- Urea breath test
- Serum antibody measurement
- Stool antigen
- Urease activity detection
Complications of
meningoencephalitis
- Disseminated intravascular
coagulation - Myocarditis
- Sepsis
Distance accomplished in the
walk distance test in patients
with chronic lung problems
associated with fair to good
prognosis
240 m
Plasmodium species
that causes serious or
severe malaria
Falciparum
Nephrotic syndrome
- > 3.5g/day proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Lipiduria
Male adolescent with
glomerulonephritis,
hearing and visual
impairment, and
abnormal deposition of
collagen in the eyes and
middle ear
Alport Syndrome
Most frequent cause of
bacterial meningitis
next to Neisseria
meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Most likely cause of
meningitis in patients
with HIV-AIDS negative
for meningococcemia
Fungal
Most likely cause of
meningitis in patients
with HIV-AIDS negative
for meningococcemia
Fungal
Positive and negative
predictive value of
positive Murphy’s sign
70%
Malaria species that can
cause mild disease
Vivax, Ovale, Malariae
Retinal whitening
Cerebral malaria with
encephalopathy
Genetic variation in
dengue viruses
Generally endemic in multiple
regions, with establishment
into additional territories
Rabies
Caused by a lyssavirus thru
animal bite
Polyarthritis of
Rheumatic fever
Wrists and elbows going to
shoulders and cervical area
