VFR Flashcards
Class C & D airspace met minima (CAR 91.301 & ENR 1.2-2)
Cloud separation
- 2km horizontally, 1000ft vertically
(500ft within a CTR) .
Visibility
- 8km at or above 10,000ft AMSL.
- 5km below 10,000ft AMSL.
Class G airspace met minima (CAR 91.301 & ENR 1.2-2)
Cloud separation
- Above 3000ft AMSL or 1000ft AGL (whichever is higher) 2km horizontally, 1000ft vertically.
- At or below 3000ft AMSL or 1000ft AGL (whichever is higher) Clear of cloud, in sight of surface.
Visibility
- 8km at or above 10,000ft AMSL (5km within 1000ft AGL).
- 5km below 10,000ft AMSL.
Class C & D aerodrome met minima (CAR 91.301& ENR 1.2-3)
Day and night:
- Ceiling 1500ft
- Visibility 5km
Class G aerodrome met minima (CAR 91.301 & ENR 1.2-3)
Day:
- Ceiling 600ft
- Visibility 1500m
Night:
- Ceiling 1500ft
- Visibility 8km
SVFR requirements (CAR 91.303 & ENR 1.2-3)
- IAW ATC clearances/instructions.
- By day only.
- Clear of clouds.
- Have the required met minima (ceiling 600ft, vis 1.5km)
- Aircraft must be equiped with 2-way radio and on the correct frequency.
Requests to enter/transit a CTR as SVFR must specify the ETO entry point and be made 5-10 minutes prior to entry.
SVFR met minima (CAR 91.303 & ENR 1.2-4)
Day:
- Ceiling 600ft
- Visibility 1.5km
Exceptions to VFR met minima (CAR 91.301)
- Helicopters in class G airspace, with vis <5km if flown at a speed that allows observation and avoidance of traffic/obstacles.
- Ag aircraft in class G airspace may operate <5km, but >1500m.
- Aircraft performing flight instruction in a designated low flying zone may operate <5km, but >1500m.
SVFR due cloud vs due vis
Due cloud;
Pilot is responsible for separation.
Due vis;
ATC is responsible for separation.
Parachute Landing Areas (PLA) (ENR 5.3-1)
Treated similar as a danger zone, in that you may enter with caution of the presence of parachutists (particularly into wind).
Low Flying Zone (LFZ) (ENR 5.3-4)
A designated low flying area, surface to 500ft AGL, day only. Pilots must receive a briefing by user agency prior to use. Report intentions upon entry and exit.
Danger Areas (ENR 5.1-4)
Pilot may enter a danger area with due regard for the danger present.
Volcanic Hazard Zone (VHZ) (ENR 5.3-8)
By day VMC only, monitor NOTAMs for VHZ alert levels.
Restricted Area (ENR 5.1-2)
Pilots may only enter a restricted Area with prior approval from the administering authority.
Military Operating Area (ENR 5.2-1)
Treated similar to a restricted area, civilian aircraft may only enter with prior approval from the NZDF.
Mandatory Broadcast Zone (MBZ) (ENR 5.3-11)
An area of airspace where position reports are mandatory upon entering the airspace, joining the circuit, prior to entering a runway, at prescribed intervals and courtesy upon vacating the area.
Common Frequency Zones (CFZ) (ENR 5.3-14)
Not mandatory. Pilots should transmit a position report upon entry.
Right of way rules (CAR 91.229)
In flight:
- When approaching head on, alter course to the right (so they pass on your left)
- When converging, give way to the aircraft on the right.
- When overtaking, alter course to the right (so they pass on the left).
On ground:
- When approaching head on, stop or alter course to the right (so they pas on your left)
- When converging, give way to the aircraft on the right.
- When overtaking, keep well clear.
- Aircraft in distress have right of way.
Speed restrictions (CAR 91.237)
When VFR in class C, D, or G, not exceed 250kt IAS when below 10,000ft AMSL.
ATC light signals on ground (CAR 91.243 & AD 1.10-1)
On ground: steady green, steady red, flashing green, flashing red, flashing white, flashing alt redgreen
On ground:
Steady green = cleared for takeoff
Steady red = stop
Flashing green = cleared to taxi
Flashing red = taxi clear of landing area
Flashing white = return to starting point/apron
Flashing red/green = danger be on alert
ATC light signals in air (CAR 91.243 & AD 1.10-1)
Steady green, steady red, flashing green, flashing red, flashing white, flashing redgreen
In flight:
Steady green = cleared to land
Steady red = giveaway, continue circling
Flashing green = return for landing
Flashing red = aerodrome unsafe, do not land
Flashing white = land and proceed to apron
Flashing red/green = danger be on alert
VFR cruising altitudes (CAR 91.313 & ENR 1.7-7)
VFR aircraft cruising above 3000ft AMSL or 1000ft AGL (whichever is higher) NOSE + 500ft.
North = 270° to 089°
South = 090° to 269°
Position report uncontrolled airspace (ENR 1.1-10)
Below 3000ft AGL and within 10nm of an unattended aerodrome maintain continuous listening watch on aerodrome frequency, or if none listed then 119.1.
Position reports at unattended aerodromes (ENR 1.1-11)
- Downwind in the circuit when abeam upwind end of runway.
- When taxiing to takeoff position.
- Immediately prior to takeoff.
- In transit within 5-10 NM of aerodrome.
Position reports required VFR (uncontrolled/controlled) (ENR 1.1-11)
- When requesting clearance to enter class C & D airspace.
- As requested by ATC in class C & D airspace.
- On entry, exit and at specified intervals in an MBZ.
- Prior to entry into a restricted area or MOA where ATC is the administering authority.
Readback requirements (ENR 1.1-14)
- ATC route, approach and departures clearances, with any amendment thereof.
- Clearances to VFR flights operating in controlled airspace.
- Clearances/instructions to operate on the manoeuvring area including; to land/takeoff on any runway, enter/exit/cross/backtrack any runway, instructions to remain on or hold clear of runways, taxi routes and holding positions when required.
- runway-in-use.
- SSR codes.
- Level instructions.
- Heading/speed instructions.
- Altimeter settings.
- Frequencies.
Definition of Distress and Mayday contents (ENR 1.15-1)
A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and requiring immediate assistance.
- Name of station being addressed
- ID of aircraft
- Nature of Distress
- Intentions
- Position, heading and altitude.
Definition of urgency and Pan contents (ENR 1.15-1)
A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or some person on board or within sight, but doesn’t require immediate assistance.
- Name of station being addressed
- ID if aircraft
- Nature of distress
- Intentions
- Position, heading and alitude
- Other useful information
