VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY (6-9) Flashcards
1
Q
What is entomology?
A
It is the study of arthropods and allied insects, (Phylum Arthropoda).
2
Q
These are bilaterally symmetrical animals whose body is divided into segments which bear jointed appendages (legs, antennae, mouthparts, etc.)
A
ARTHROPODS
3
Q
Some jointed appendages of an arthropods
A
LEGS, ANTENNAE, MOUTHPARTS
4
Q
Groups under the Phylum arthropoda
A
- PARASITIC INSECTS
- PARASITIC ARACHNIDS
- PENTASTOMIDA OR TONGUE WORMS
- PARASITIC CRUSTACEANS
5
Q
Greek word “arthros” meaning
A
JOINT
6
Q
Greek word “podos” meaning
A
FOOT
7
Q
Largest group.
Adults with 3 pairs of legs.
Body divided into 3 main parts (head, thorax, & abdomen).
A
PARASITIC INSECTS
8
Q
What are the 3 main parts of the body of the Parasitic Insects?
A
HEAD, THORAX, ABDOMEN
9
Q
Example of Parasitic Insects
A
MOSQUITOES
FLIES
LICE
10
Q
Body parts joined together.
Adults with 4 pairs of legs,
2 pairs of mouthparts without antennae and wings
A
PARASITIC ARACHNIDS
11
Q
Adults are worm-like, cylindrical without legs except 2 pairs of hooks near the mouth.
Larvae with 2 pairs of legs.
A
PENTASTOMIDA OR TONGUE WORMS
12
Q
Example of Pentastomida of Tongue Worms
A
Linguatula serrata
Porocephalus sp.
13
Q
Main body divisions are cephalothorax and abdomen.
Legs are found on thoracic and abdominal segments.
A
PARASITIC CRUSTACEANS
14
Q
Main body divisions of Parasitic Crustaceans
A
CEPHALOTHORAX & ABDOMEN
15
Q
In Parasitic Crustaceans, legs are found where?
A
THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS
16
Q
These are small animals.
Its whole body is divided into head, thorax, and abdomen.
3 pairs of legs attached to the thorax and 2 pairs of wings attached to the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments.
A
INSECTS
17
Q
An insects have 3 pairs of legs attached to the _______ and 2 pairs of wings attached to the ____________.
A
THORAX
2nd AND 3rd THORACIC SEGMENTS
18
Q
3 segments of the thorax of the insects
A
PRO-
MESO-
METATHORAX
19
Q
Wings with hollow tubes
A
VEINS
20
Q
Used for identification
A
WING VENATION
21
Q
The surface layer of the body of the insect is called ______ which is more or less rigid than exoskeleton?
A
INTEGUMENT OR BODY WALL
22
Q
The hardened portion of the body wall is due to deposition of this substance.
A
CHITIN
23
Q
Each segment of the body of an insect is composed of these areas known as sclerites.
A
DORSAL, LATERAL & VENTRAL AREAS OR WALL
24
Q
Sclerites are separated from each other by what?
A
SUTURES
25
3 types of Sclerites
DORSAL SCLERITE or WALL
LATERAL SCLERITE
VENTRAL SCLERITE
26
Dorsal sclerite or wall
TERGUM / NOTUM
27
Lateral sclerite
PLURITES / PLEURON
28
Ventral sclerites
STERNUM / STERNITES
29
All insects possessing mouth parts capable of piercing the skin of animals should be regarded as __________ of micro parasites, bacteria, viruses and rickettsias.
POTENTIAL VECTORS
30
Insect mouth parts may be classified into:
A. MANDIBULATE - Chewing
B. HAUSTELLATE- Sucking
C. PIERCING
D. NON-PIERCING
31
Mandibulate
CHEWING
32
Haustellate
SUCKING
33
Insects as vectors, they may act as what?
INTERMEDIATE HOST, CARRIERS / TRANSPORT HOST
34
The feeding habits of insects greatly contribute to the effectiveness of disease transmission. Give an example
INTERMITTENT HABIT OF FEEDING BY TABANIDS - *T. evansi, Musca autumnalis - Thelazia rhodest and Mycobacterium bovis* (cause of pink eye)
35
Cause of pink eye
*Mycobacterium bovis*
36
What are the most obvious distinguishing characteristics of insects?
JOINTED APPENDAGES
MOUTH PARTS
ANTENNAE
37
Internally, there is a _____________ instead of a body cavity
HEMOCOELE
38
This consists of ganglia in each segment of the body.
The ganglia are connected to each other by ____________.
__________ arise from each ganglion and innervate the body organs.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVE FIBERS
NERVES
39
the blood vessels are very simple, consisting of a _________ beneath the notum.
SINGLE DORSAL
40
blood admitted to the heart thru this part and is forced forward to the head then to the rest of the body organs.
LATERAL VALVES
41
The blood consists of what?
WATER FLUID (SERUM OR PLASMA)
WHITE CORPUSCLES
42
Components of blood usually colorless or greenish yellow
WHITE CORPUSCLES
43
insects have no lungs, but breath through a system of tubes, the ___________ which extends to all parts of the body thru smaller branches (____________) bringing fresh air and carrying _______.
TRACHEA
(TRACHEOLES)
CO2
44
Tracheal tubes have openings on each side of the thoracic and abdominal segments called ___________.
SPIRACLES OR STIGMATA
45
Components of the Digestive System
1. FOREGUT OR STOMODEUM
2. HINDGUT OR PROCTODEUM
3. MIDGUT OR MESENTERON
46
ONE COMPONENT OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
Foregut or stomodeum components
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop and gizzard/proventriculus
47
ONE COMPONENT OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
Foregut or Stomodeum components
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop and gizzard/proventriculus
48
ONE COMPONENT OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
Hindgut or Proctodeum components
colon, rectum, anus and malpighian tubules
49
ONE COMPONENT OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
Midgut or Mesenteron component
**midintestine** connects the stomadeum to the proctodeum
50
male reproductive system consists of the ff:
pair of testes
vas deferens
accessory organ
a seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct
penis or aedeagus
51
The female reproductive system consists of the ff:
ovaries
fallopian tube
oviduct
vagina
ovipositor
52
Most female insects have this storage sac for sperms.
SPERMATHECA
53
Types of Development of Insects
1. Direct development/ Incomplete / Hemimetabolous Metamorphosis
2. Indirect development / complete / holometabolous metamorphosis
54
Transformation or change in shape or form
Direct development / Incomplete / Hemimetabolous Metamorphosis
55
young arthropods that hatches from the egg resembles the adult except in size and some other features.
NYMPH
56
Hemimetabolous Life Cycle
Egg —> Nymph —> Adult
57
Holometabolous Life Cycle
Egg —> Larva —> Pupa and Adult
58
Example of insects that undergo Direct / Incomplete / Hemimetabolous Metamorphosis
BEDBUGS
59
Example of insects that undergo Indirect / Complete / Holometabolous Metamorphosis
MOSQUITOES
60
Arthropods undergo different forms and stages (instars) before developing into adults
Indirect Development / Complete / Holometabolous Metamorphosis
61
Young adult
IMAGO
62
Each stage of the Holometabolous Life Cycle is separated by this process.
MOLTING OR ECDYSIS
63
Each form of the insect after each ecdysis is known as what?
INSTAR
64
Types of Female Insects Based on Eggs/Larva Deposited
1. OVIPAROUS/OVIVIPAROUS
2. VIVIPAROUS
3. PUPIPAROUS
4. PARTHENOGENETIC
65
lays eggs with fully developed larva
**example:** housefly
OVIPAROUS / OVIVIPAROUS
66
Example of oviparous / oviviparous
HOUSEFLY
67
Deposits fully developed larva
**example:** fleshfly, tsetse fly
VIVIPAROUS
68
Example of viviparous
FLESHFLY & TSETSE FLY
69
deposits pupae or larvae which transform to pupae in few hours
**example:** pigeon lousefly
PUPIPAROUS
70
Example of Pupiparous
PIGEON LOUSEFLY
71
female reproduces without the need to be fertilized by males
**example:** silkworm
PARTHENOGENETIC
72
Example of Parthenogenetic
SILKWORM
73
Types of Larva
1. Apodous Larva
2. Oligapod Larva
3. Polypod Larva
74
No thoracic and abdominal legs. They are called maggots, **e.g. All dipterous insect larvae**
APODOUS LARVA
75
Apodous larvae are called _______.
Maggots
76
Example of Apodous Larvae
ALL DIPTEROUS INSECT LARVAE
77
no abdominal appendages, only 3 pairs of thoracic legs, **e.g. beetle grubs or larvae**
OLIGAPOD LARVA
78
Example of Oligapod Larva
BEETLE GRUBS / LARVAE
79
thoracic and abdominal segments with legs, **e.g. catterpillar of butterfly**
POLYPOD LARVA
80
Example of Polypod Larva
CATTERPILLAR OF BUTTERFLY
81
Types of Pupae
1. Exarate or Free
2. Obtectate Pupa
3. Coarctate Pupa
82
the skin of the last larval stage is cast off and the pupa remains bare or naked/uncovered. Wings and legs are free from the rest of the body of the pupa, **eg wasp, bee**
Exarate or Free
83
Example of Exarate or Free Pupa
WASP & BEE
84
The skin of the last larval stage may be cast off but the head, legs and wings are bound to the body by mouiting fluid, eg mosquito
OBTECTATE PUPA
85
Example of Obtectate Pupa
MOSQUITO
86
-the whole body is enclosed in the last larval skin. Insect inside cannot be seen, **eg housefly, stablefly**
COARCTATE PUPA
87
The covering of the Coarctate Pupa is called
PUPARIUM
88
Example of Coarctate Pupa
HOUSEFLY & STABLEFLY
89
Emergence from the coarctate type of pupa is affected by a special type of organ called __________ situated on the head of the insect. It lies above the antennae.
PTILINUM
90
Orders of Veterinary Importance under Class Insecta
1. Diptera (trueflies)
2. Blattodea (cockroaches)
3. Hemiptera (bugs)
4. Siphonaptera (fleas)
5. Phthiraptera
a) Suborder Mallopahga (chewing lice)
b) Suborder Anoplura (sucking lice)
6. Coleoptera (beetles)
91
Diptera
TRUEFLIES
92
Blattodea
COCKROACHES
93
Hemiptera
BUGS
94
Siphonaptera
FLEAS
95
Phthiraptera: **Suborder Mallopahga**
CHEWING LICE
96
Phthiraptera:**Suborder Anoplura**
SUCKING LICE
97
Coleoptera
BEETLES
98
Only anterior pair of wings are well developed. Posterior pair is rudimentary represented by small structures, the halters or balancers (organ of balance). Wings with hollow tubes called the veins. Intervening areas are known as cells. Mouth parts are adopted for sucking, the haustellum (sucking tube) is formed by the labrum and labium within which are the mandibles and the maxillae.
Dipterous insects
99
Posterior pair of dipteria insects is rudimentary represented by small structures, the _____________.
Halters or Balancers (organ of balance)
100
Wings of dipteria insects with hollow tubes called the _________. Intervening areas are known as _________.
VEINS
CELLS
101
Mouth parts are adopted for sucking, the _________ (sucking tube) is formed by the labrum and labium within which are the mandibles and the maxillae.
DIPTERIA INSECTS - **HAUSTELLUM**
102
Mouth parts are adopted for sucking, the haustellate (sucking tube) is formed by the __________ within which are the mandibles and the maxillae. In some insects, the mandibles and maxillae are modified for piercing metamorphosis is complete
LABRUM AND LABIUM
103
Sub-Orders of Veterinary Importance under order Diptera
1. NEMATOCERA
2. BRACHYCERA
3. CYCLORRHARPHA
104
1. Antennae usually longer than the head and thorax more than ________. Wings practically without cross veins.
2. Larvae and pupae are ________.
3. Larvae with well developed head and mandibles bite _________.
4. Pupae ______ type
**Sub-Orders of Veterinary Importance under order Diptera**
NEMATOCERA
1) 8 SEGMENTS
2) AQUATIC
3) HORIZONTALLY
4) OBTECTATE
105
Pupae of Nematocera is what type?
OBTECTATE TYPE
106
**Nematocera**
Pupae obtectate type
Culicidae
Ceratopogonidae
Psychodidae
Simulidae
107
1) Antennae shorten than thorax: how many segments?
2) _________ usually absent, if present, located terminally
3) Maxillary palps held stiffly forward (porrect)
4) Wings with cross veins
5) Abdomen with how many visible segments?
6) Larvae with incomplete, retractile head
7) Obtectate pupae
8) Family Tabanidae
**Sub-Orders of Veterinary Importance under order Diptera**
BRACHYCERA
1) 3-6 SEGMENTS
2) ARISTA
3) 7 VISIBLE SEGMENTS
108
Brachycera type of pupae
**Sub-Orders of Veterinary Importance under order Diptera**
OBTECTATE PUPAE
109
Brachycera family
FAMILY TABANIDAE
110
1) Antennae with how many segments?
2) Arista present, located dorsally
3) Maxillary palps small, one jointed
4) Wings with limited cross veins
5) Abdomen with less than how many segments?
6) Larvae with vestigial head, Apodous
7) Mouthparts simple hooks use for tearing debris
8) What type of Pupae
9) This is present in young fly which is use for emerging from the puparium. **Answer**
**Sub-Orders of Veterinary Importance under order Diptera**
Cyclorrhapha
1) 3 SEGMENTS
5) 7 VISIBLE SEGMENTS
8) COARCTATE PUPAE
9) PTILINAL SAC
111
Families of Cyclorrapha
**Sub-Orders of Veterinary Importance under order Diptera**
Gasterophilidae
Muscidae
Calliphoridae
Oestridae
Glossinidae
Hippoboscidae
112
Example of Parasitic Arachnids
TICKS & MITES
