Class Arachnida Flashcards
1
Q
Class Arachnida includes the ff:
A
king crab
spiders
scorpions
ticks and mites
2
Q
General Characteristics of Class Arachnida
A
Wingless. Head, thorax, and abdomen are not defined. They feed on tissue fluids by means of sucking pharynx.
3
Q
4 main body parts of Class Arachnids
A
- Gnasthosoma
- Propodosoma
- Metapodosoma
- Opisthosoma
4
Q
bears the mouthparts and the plate that bears it, the capitulum or gnathobases
A
Gnasthosoma
5
Q
Gnasthosoma bears the mouthparts and the plate that bears it is called
A
capitulum or gnathobases
6
Q
bears the first and second pairs of legs
A
Propodosoma
7
Q
Bears the third and fourth parts of legs.
A
Metapodosoma
8
Q
posterior part behind the fourth pair of legs, the abdomen
A
Opisthosoma
9
Q
Two main body parts of Class Arachnids
A
- Prosoma
a. Gnathosoma (mouthparts)
b. Podosoma (bears the legs) - Opisthosoma (abdomen part)
a. Prosoma and opisthosoma = idiosoma
10
Q
Two types of Prosoma
A
Gnathosoma (mouthparts)
Podosoma (bears the legs)
11
Q
mouthparts
A
Gnathosoma
12
Q
bears the legs
A
Podosoma
13
Q
abdomen part
A
Opisthosoma
14
Q
idiosoma
A
prosoma and opisthosoma
15
Q
The mouthparts of arachnids are composed of the following:
A
Chelicerae
Hypostome
Pedipalps or palpi
16
Q
a pair of cutting structures
A
Chelicerae
17
Q
median structure with recurved teeth for anchorage
A
Hypostome
18
Q
segmented appendages lateral to the chelicerae
A
Pedipalps or palpi
19
Q
Stages of development of Class Arachnida:
A
- Egg – oval or spherical
- Larva - with 3 pairs of legs
-
Nymph – with 4 pairs of legs without sexual organs. May have 2-3 nymphal instars before developing into an adult.
a) Protonymph –first instar
b) Deutonymph – second instar
c) Tritonymp – third instar - Adult – with 4 pairs of legs and well developed sexual organs
20
Q
Three orders of veterinary importance of Class Arachnids
A
- Acarina – ticks and mites
- Araneida – spiders
- Scorpionidea – scorpions
21
Q
ticks and mites
A
Acarina –
22
Q
spiders
A
Araneida
23
Q
scorpions
A
Scorpionidea
24
Q
Four Sub-orders of Veterinary Importance under Order Acarina:
A
- Ixodoidea – ticks
- Mesostigmata – mites
- Trombidiformes – mites
- Sarcoptiformes – mites
25
2 groups of sub-order Ixodidea
Family Argasidae (Soft ticks)
Family Ixodidae (Hard Ticks)
26
Soft ticks
Family Argasidae
27
Hard Ticks
Family Ixodidae
28
without scrutum
Family Argasidae (Soft ticks)
29
with scrutum
Family Ixodidae (Hard Ticks)
30
Family Argasidae (Soft ticks) genera
* Argas, Otobius, Ornithodoros* **(AOO)**
31
Family Ixodidae (Hard Ticks) Genera:
*Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Ixodes, Dermacentor, Hyalomma* **(BRAIDH)**
32
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: SCRUTUM
A: absent
I: present
33
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
A: not marked
I: marked
34
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: MOUTHPARTS AND CAPITULUM
A: ventral
I: anterior
35
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: PALPI
A: leg-like
I: rigid
36
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: FESTOONS
A: absent
I: generally present
37
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: COXAE
A: unarmed
I: armed
38
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: EGG LAYING HABIT
A: laid in small batches
I: laid in one large batch
39
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: FEEDING HABIT
A: feed moderately and frequently
I: take one large meal and increase in size dramatically
40
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: LIFE SPAN
A: live for several years, 5 years or more
I: live for less than one year, rarely 2 years
41
Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENT
A: drought resistant
I: cannot live w/out adequate humidity
42
Genus Argas species:
1. *Argas persicus *(fowl tick)
2. *Argas reflexus* (pigeon tick)
43
* Argas persicus* common name
fowl tick
44
* Argas reflexus* common name
pigeon tick
45
Argas persicus (fowl tick) are common in
chickens, turkeys, pigeons, ducks, ostriches, canaries
46
Argas reflexus (pigeon tick) are common in
pigeon, doves
47
Genus Otobius species
1. *Otobius megnini* (spinose ear tick)
48
It occurs in America and Africa. Larvae and nymphs occur in the ear of dogs, cattle, horses, and all other mammals. Adults are non-parasitic
*Otobius megnini* (spinose ear tick)
49
*Otobius megnini* (spinose ear tick) lays _________ eggs, which may last for 6 months then dies.
500-600 eggs
50
Pathogenicity of Genus Otobius or *Otobius megnini* (spinose ear tick)
• Irritation, scratching, and shaking of ears.
• Inflammation, suppurative lesions (bacterial infestation)
51
Genus Ornithodoros species:
*1. O. moubata
2. O. savignyi
3. O. turicata*
52
Larvae do not hatch but molt into nymph inside the egg. Adult and nymphs attack animals.
Genus Ornithodoros
53
Transmits: Borrelia recurrentis, the cause of relapsing fever in man
Genus Ornithodoros
54
Genus Ornithodoros transmits this disease
*Borrelia recurrentis*, the cause of relapsing fever in man
55
the cause of relapsing fever in man
*Borrelia recurrentis*
56
attacks wild and domestic mammals
*Ornithodoros moubata*
57
occurs on the livestock in Africa and India
*Ornithodoros savignyi*
58
occurs in the U.S.
*Ornithodoros turicata*
59
Female lay 2,000 – 20,000 eggs
Ixodine ticks
60
active, climb up the pinnacle or tip of grasses and attach themselves to passing animals and suck blood
Seed ticks
61
Unfed ticks live longer than well-nourished ticks
True
62
*Ixodid ticks* are classified according to the number of host
1. One-host tick
2. Two-host tick
3. Three-host tick
63
Larva attaches to a host, molt into nymph and finally adult stage on the same animal, e.g. *Boophilus microplus, Boophilus annulatus*
One-host tick
64
Example of one-host tick
*1. Boophilus microplus,
2. Boophilus annulatus*
65
larva attaches to a host molts into nymph on the host body, nymph drops to the ground after having engorged, molts into the ground to adult (imago) which seeks a new host (one molting on the ground, one molting on the host) e.g. *Rhipicephalus evertsi, R. bursa*
Two-host tick
66
Example of two-host tick
*1. Rhipicephalus evertsi,
2. R. bursa*
67
They drop off each time after having engorged and molt on the ground (all moltings occurs on the ground or off the host), (different host or the same host is required every instar), e.g. *Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus*
Three-host ticks
68
Three-host ticks
*1. Ixodes ricinus
2. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
3. R. sanguineus*
69
Genus Ixodes
*1. Ixodes ricinus* “castor bean tick”
*2. I. holocylus* “paralysis tick”
*3. I. rubicundus* “paralysis tick”
*4. I. scapularis* “black legged tick”
70
*Ixodes ricinus* transmits these diseases
1. Tick paralysis (three-host tick)
2. Red water diseases or babesiosis
3. Anaplasmosis
4. Tick borne fever
71
“tick paralysis” in cattle is caused by why type of Ixodid ticks?
Three-host tick
72
Causative agents of “red water diseases” or babesiosis of cattle
* Babesia bovis,
B. divergens*
73
Causative agent of Anaplasmosis
*Anaplasma marginale*
74
Causative agent of "tick borne fever” of sheep.
viruses of louping ill and rickettsiae
75
*Ixodes holocylus* common name
“paralysis tick"
76
Common name of *Ixodes rubicundus*
“paralysis tick”
77
Common name of *Ixodes scapularis*
“black legged tick”
78
Species under Genus Boophilus
1. *Boophilus annulatus* – “North America cattle tick” or texas fever cattle tick
2. *Boophilus decoloratus* – “blue tick”
3. *Boophilus microplus (B. australis)* – “tropical cattle tick”
79
one host tick; important transmitter of *Babesia bigemina and Babesia argentina (B. bovis)*
*Boophilus annulatus* (North America cattle tick) or (texas fever cattle tick)
80
*Boophilus annulatus* (North America cattle tick) or (texas fever cattle tick) transmits these
*Babesia bigemina and Babesia argentina (B. bovis)*
81
one-host tick, transmits *Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Borrelia theileri* (spirochaetosis of ruminants)
*Boophilus decoloratus* (blue tick)
82
transmited by *Boophilus decoloratus* or “blue tick”
*Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Borrelia theileri* (spirochaetosis of ruminants)
83
One-host tick. Most common cattle tick in the Philippines. Attacks cattle, carabaos, buffaloes, sheep, goats including horse and deer
*Boophilus microplus (B. australis)* or “tropical cattle tick"
84
transmits *Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. argentina (B. bovis)*
*Boophilus microplus (B. australis)* or “tropical cattle tick"
85
Example of one-host ticks
Genus Boophilus
1. *B. annulatus*
2. *B. decoloratus*
3. *B. microplus (B. australis)*
86
the genus Boophilus is closest to what Genus?
Genus Rhipicephalus
87
Common name of Boophilus annulatus
"North America cattle tick” or "Texas fever cattle tick"
88
Common name of Boophilus decoloratus
“blue tick”
89
Common name of Boophilus microplus (B. australis)
“tropical cattle tick”
90
Species under Genus Rhipicephalus
1. *Rhipicephalus appendiculatus* – “brown ear tick”
2. *R. evertsi* – “red-legged tick”
3. *R. bursa
4. *Rhipicephalus sanguineus* – “brown dog tick”, “kernel tick”
91
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus or “brown ear tick” transmits the ff:
*1. Theileria parva
2. T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis
3. Babesia bigemina
4. Rickettsia conorii*
92
Causative Agents of theileriosis or east coast fever
*Theileria parva*
93
Disease transmitted by Theileria parva
theileriosis or east coast fever
94
Causative agent of hepatozoonosis
*T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis*
95
Disease transmitted by T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis
hepatozoonosis
96
Causative agent of Piroplasmosis
*Babesia bigemina*
97
Disease transmitted by *Babesia bigemina*
Piroplasmosis
98
Causative agent of tick-bite fever
*Rickettsia conorii*
99
Disease transmitted by Rickettsia conorii
tick-bite fever
100
Rhipicephalus evertsi – “red-legged tick” transmits the ff:
*Theileria mutans, T. parva, Babesia bigemina, B. equi*
101
Rhipicephalus bursa transmits the ff:
*Babesia ovis
B. equi
B. caballi
Theileria ovis
Anaplasma marginale
Coxiella burnetii*
102
Rhipicephalus sanguineus – “brown dog tick”, “kernel tick" transmits the ff:
*Babesia canis
B. equi
B. caballi
Hepatozoon canis
Rickettsia canis
R. conori
R. rickettsii
Ehrlichia canis*
103
Causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
*Rickettsia rickettsii*
104
Common name of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
brown ear tick
105
Common name of Rhipicephalus evertsi
“red-legged tick”
106
Common name of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
“brown dog tick” or “kernel tick”
107
Species under Genus Dermacentor
*1. Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus) or "Rocky mountain wood tick”.
2. Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick)
3. Dermacentor reticulatus (Ornate cow thick)
4. Dermacentor nitens (Tropical horse tick)*
108
Example of three-host ticks
*1. Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus)
2. Dermacentor variabilis
3. Dermacentor reticulatus*
109
One-host tick in Genus Dermacentor
*Dermacentor nitens*
110
Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus) or “Rocky mountain wood tick (RMWT)” transmits the ff:
*1. Leptospira Pomona
2. Rickettsia rickettsii
3. Anaplasma marginale
4. Babesia canis
5. Coxiella burnetii*
111
Disease transmitted by Leptospira pomona
Leptospirosis
112
Causative agent of Leptospirosis
*Leptospira Pomona*
113
Causative agent of Rocky Mountain Fever
"Rickettsia rickettsii*
114
Disease transmitted by Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky mountain fever
115
Causative agent of Anaplasmosis
*Anaplasma marginale*
116
Disease transmitted by *Anaplasma marginale*
Anaplasmosis
117
Causative agent of canine babesiosis
*Babesia canis*
118
Disease transmitted by Babesia canis
Canine babesiosis
119
Causative agent of Q fever
*Coxiella burnetii*
120
Disease transmitted by *Coxiella burnetii*
Q fever
121
It is the cause of American tick paralysis.
*Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus)* or “Rocky mountain wood tick"
122
Common name of Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus)
“Rocky mountain wood tick”
123
Common name of Dermacentor variabilis
American dog tick
124
Common name of Dermacentor reticulatus
Ornate cow tick
125
Common name of Dermacentor nitens
Tropical horse tick
126
vector of equine piroplasmosis
*Dermacentor nitens* or Tropical horse tick
127
Specie under Genus Hyalomma
*Hyalomma truncatum*
128
causes “sweating sickness” in cattle
*Hyalomma truncatum*
129
Disease caused by *Hyalomma truncatum*
sweating sickness
130
Genus of Three-host ticks
Genus Haemaphysalis
Genus Amblyomma
131
CN of Haemaphysalis leachi leachi
– “yellow dog tick”
132
Haemaphysalis leachi leachi or yellow dog tick transmits the following:
*1. B. canis
2. Rickettsia conorii
3. Coxiella burnetii*
133
Haemaphysalis cinnabarina punctata transmits the following on livestock
*1. Babesia bigemina
2. B. motasi
3. A. marginale*
134
Causative agent of paralysis in cattle and sheep (Haemaphysalis cinnabarina punctata)
*1. Babesia bigemina
2. B. motasi
3. A. marginale*
135
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris transmits the following on rabbits
1. *Coxiella burnetii*
2. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
3. tularensis
136
Species under Genus Amblyomma
1. *Amblyomma americanum* or “lone star tick”
2. *A. variegatum* or “tropical bont tick”
3. *A. cajennense* or “cayenne tick"
137
Common name of Amblyomma americanum
“lone star tick”
138
Common name of Amblyomma variegatum
tropical bont tick
139
Common name of Amblyomma cajennense
cayenne tick
140
Characterized by the presence of white spots on the scutum of the female
*Amblyomma americanum* (lone star tick)
141
*Amblyomma americanum* transmits this that causes **heart water disease**
*Rickettsia ruminantium*
142
Disease caused by *Rickettsia ruminantium*
heart water disease
143
Causative agent of heart water disease
*Rickettsia ruminantium*
144
Diseases transmitted by *Amblyomma americanum* (lone star tick)
• heart water disease
• Nairobi sheep disease
• Q fever
145
Amblyomma cajennense (cayenne tick) transmits these disease
spotted fever and leptospirosis
146
members are exclusively of reptiles (phytons, snakes, lizard, etc)
Genus Aponomma
147
occur on a wide variety of mammals
Genus Rhipicentor
*• Rhipicentor nuttalli
• Rhipicentor bicornis*
148
Species under Genus Margaropus
1. *Margaropus winthemi* (argentine tick)
2. *Margaropus reidi* (Sudanese tick) (beady-legged tick)
149
Ticks in general transmit these causative agent
louping ill virus, rickettsia, protozoa
150
CN of *Margaropus winthemi*
“argentine tick”
151
SN of argentine tick
*Margaropus winthemi*
152
Hosts are horses and cattle. One-host tick
Margaropus winthemi – “argentine tick”
153
CN of *Margaropus reidi*
Sudanese tick, beady-legged tick
154
SN of Sudanese tick, beady-legged tick
*Margaropus reidi*
155
host – giraffe. One-host tick
*Margaropus reidi* (Sudanese tick, beady-legged tick)
156
Pathogenicity of Ticks in general:
• Irritation leads to licking and scratching, thus predisposing animals to myiasis and pyemia.
• Ticks suck blood leading to anemia, loss of weight, loss of milk.
• Transmits louping ill virus, rickettsia, and protozoa.
• Secrete toxins causing “tick paralysis”
• Cause “tick worry” and “sweating sickness”
157
Ticks in general transmit the ff. disease and causative agents
1. Transmits louping ill virus
2. **** (Leptospira Pomona)
3. Rickettsia (R. prowazekii, Anaplasma, R. rickettsii, R. conorii, R. ruminantium)
4. Protozoa (Babesia spp., Theileria)
158
begins with the limbs then spread to the medulla oblongata resulting in respiratory failure and death
tick paralysis
159
Secrete toxins causing “tick paralysis” and causes "tick worry"
Ticks
160
as a result of irritation, anemia and other secondary skin infections combine
tick worry
161
Crossing these to produce sterile male offspring as prevention of ticks.
*B. microplus and B. annulatus*
