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(3) VPARA (ENTOM) > Class Arachnida > Flashcards

Class Arachnida Flashcards

1
Q

Class Arachnida includes the ff:

A

king crab
spiders
scorpions
ticks and mites

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2
Q

General Characteristics of Class Arachnida

A

Wingless. Head, thorax, and abdomen are not defined. They feed on tissue fluids by means of sucking pharynx.

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3
Q

4 main body parts of Class Arachnids

A
  1. Gnasthosoma
  2. Propodosoma
  3. Metapodosoma
  4. Opisthosoma
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4
Q

bears the mouthparts and the plate that bears it, the capitulum or gnathobases

A

Gnasthosoma

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5
Q

Gnasthosoma bears the mouthparts and the plate that bears it is called

A

capitulum or gnathobases

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6
Q

bears the first and second pairs of legs

A

Propodosoma

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7
Q

Bears the third and fourth parts of legs.

A

Metapodosoma

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8
Q

posterior part behind the fourth pair of legs, the abdomen

A

Opisthosoma

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9
Q

Two main body parts of Class Arachnids

A
  1. Prosoma
    a. Gnathosoma (mouthparts)
    b. Podosoma (bears the legs)
  2. Opisthosoma (abdomen part)
    a. Prosoma and opisthosoma = idiosoma
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10
Q

Two types of Prosoma

A

Gnathosoma (mouthparts)
Podosoma (bears the legs)

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11
Q

mouthparts

A

Gnathosoma

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12
Q

bears the legs

A

Podosoma

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13
Q

abdomen part

A

Opisthosoma

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14
Q

idiosoma

A

prosoma and opisthosoma

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15
Q

The mouthparts of arachnids are composed of the following:

A

Chelicerae
Hypostome
Pedipalps or palpi

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16
Q

a pair of cutting structures

A

Chelicerae

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17
Q

median structure with recurved teeth for anchorage

A

Hypostome

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18
Q

segmented appendages lateral to the chelicerae

A

Pedipalps or palpi

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19
Q

Stages of development of Class Arachnida:

A
  1. Egg – oval or spherical
  2. Larva - with 3 pairs of legs
  3. Nymph – with 4 pairs of legs without sexual organs. May have 2-3 nymphal instars before developing into an adult.
    a) Protonymph –first instar
    b) Deutonymph – second instar
    c) Tritonymp – third instar
  4. Adult – with 4 pairs of legs and well developed sexual organs
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20
Q

Three orders of veterinary importance of Class Arachnids

A
  1. Acarina – ticks and mites
  2. Araneida – spiders
  3. Scorpionidea – scorpions
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21
Q

ticks and mites

A

Acarina –

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22
Q

spiders

A

Araneida

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23
Q

scorpions

A

Scorpionidea

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24
Q

Four Sub-orders of Veterinary Importance under Order Acarina:

A
  1. Ixodoidea – ticks
  2. Mesostigmata – mites
  3. Trombidiformes – mites
  4. Sarcoptiformes – mites
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25
Q

2 groups of sub-order Ixodidea

A

Family Argasidae (Soft ticks)
Family Ixodidae (Hard Ticks)

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26
Q

Soft ticks

A

Family Argasidae

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27
Q

Hard Ticks

A

Family Ixodidae

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28
Q

without scrutum

A

Family Argasidae (Soft ticks)

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29
Q

with scrutum

A

Family Ixodidae (Hard Ticks)

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30
Q

Family Argasidae (Soft ticks) genera

A
  • Argas, Otobius, Ornithodoros* (AOO)
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31
Q

Family Ixodidae (Hard Ticks) Genera:

A

Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Ixodes, Dermacentor, Hyalomma (BRAIDH)

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32
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: SCRUTUM

A

A: absent
I: present

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33
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

A

A: not marked
I: marked

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34
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: MOUTHPARTS AND CAPITULUM

A

A: ventral
I: anterior

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35
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: PALPI

A

A: leg-like
I: rigid

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36
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: FESTOONS

A

A: absent
I: generally present

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37
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: COXAE

A

A: unarmed
I: armed

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38
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: EGG LAYING HABIT

A

A: laid in small batches
I: laid in one large batch

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39
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: FEEDING HABIT

A

A: feed moderately and frequently
I: take one large meal and increase in size dramatically

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40
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: LIFE SPAN

A

A: live for several years, 5 years or more
I: live for less than one year, rarely 2 years

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41
Q

Important differences between Argasidae and Ixodidae: ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENT

A

A: drought resistant
I: cannot live w/out adequate humidity

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42
Q

Genus Argas species:

A
  1. *Argas persicus *(fowl tick)
  2. Argas reflexus (pigeon tick)
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43
Q
  • Argas persicus* common name
A

fowl tick

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44
Q
  • Argas reflexus* common name
A

pigeon tick

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45
Q

Argas persicus (fowl tick) are common in

A

chickens, turkeys, pigeons, ducks, ostriches, canaries

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46
Q

Argas reflexus (pigeon tick) are common in

A

pigeon, doves

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47
Q

Genus Otobius species

A
  1. Otobius megnini (spinose ear tick)
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48
Q

It occurs in America and Africa. Larvae and nymphs occur in the ear of dogs, cattle, horses, and all other mammals. Adults are non-parasitic

A

Otobius megnini (spinose ear tick)

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49
Q

Otobius megnini (spinose ear tick) lays _________ eggs, which may last for 6 months then dies.

A

500-600 eggs

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50
Q

Pathogenicity of Genus Otobius or Otobius megnini (spinose ear tick)

A

• Irritation, scratching, and shaking of ears.
• Inflammation, suppurative lesions (bacterial infestation)

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51
Q

Genus Ornithodoros species:

A

1. O. moubata
2. O. savignyi
3. O. turicata

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52
Q

Larvae do not hatch but molt into nymph inside the egg. Adult and nymphs attack animals.

A

Genus Ornithodoros

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53
Q

Transmits: Borrelia recurrentis, the cause of relapsing fever in man

A

Genus Ornithodoros

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54
Q

Genus Ornithodoros transmits this disease

A

Borrelia recurrentis, the cause of relapsing fever in man

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55
Q

the cause of relapsing fever in man

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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56
Q

attacks wild and domestic mammals

A

Ornithodoros moubata

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57
Q

occurs on the livestock in Africa and India

A

Ornithodoros savignyi

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58
Q

occurs in the U.S.

A

Ornithodoros turicata

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59
Q

Female lay 2,000 – 20,000 eggs

A

Ixodine ticks

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60
Q

active, climb up the pinnacle or tip of grasses and attach themselves to passing animals and suck blood

A

Seed ticks

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61
Q

Unfed ticks live longer than well-nourished ticks

A

True

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62
Q

Ixodid ticks are classified according to the number of host

A
  1. One-host tick
  2. Two-host tick
  3. Three-host tick
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63
Q

Larva attaches to a host, molt into nymph and finally adult stage on the same animal, e.g. Boophilus microplus, Boophilus annulatus

A

One-host tick

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64
Q

Example of one-host tick

A

1. Boophilus microplus,
2. Boophilus annulatus

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65
Q

larva attaches to a host molts into nymph on the host body, nymph drops to the ground after having engorged, molts into the ground to adult (imago) which seeks a new host (one molting on the ground, one molting on the host) e.g. Rhipicephalus evertsi, R. bursa

A

Two-host tick

66
Q

Example of two-host tick

A

1. Rhipicephalus evertsi,
2. R. bursa

67
Q

They drop off each time after having engorged and molt on the ground (all moltings occurs on the ground or off the host), (different host or the same host is required every instar), e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus

A

Three-host ticks

68
Q

Three-host ticks

A

1. Ixodes ricinus
2. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
3. R. sanguineus

69
Q

Genus Ixodes

A

1. Ixodes ricinus “castor bean tick”
2. I. holocylus “paralysis tick”
3. I. rubicundus “paralysis tick”
4. I. scapularis “black legged tick”

70
Q

Ixodes ricinus transmits these diseases

A
  1. Tick paralysis (three-host tick)
  2. Red water diseases or babesiosis
  3. Anaplasmosis
  4. Tick borne fever
71
Q

“tick paralysis” in cattle is caused by why type of Ixodid ticks?

A

Three-host tick

72
Q

Causative agents of “red water diseases” or babesiosis of cattle

A
  • Babesia bovis,
    B. divergens*
73
Q

Causative agent of Anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma marginale

74
Q

Causative agent of “tick borne fever” of sheep.

A

viruses of louping ill and rickettsiae

75
Q

Ixodes holocylus common name

A

“paralysis tick”

76
Q

Common name of Ixodes rubicundus

A

“paralysis tick”

77
Q

Common name of Ixodes scapularis

A

“black legged tick”

78
Q

Species under Genus Boophilus

A
  1. Boophilus annulatus – “North America cattle tick” or texas fever cattle tick
  2. Boophilus decoloratus – “blue tick”
  3. Boophilus microplus (B. australis) – “tropical cattle tick”
79
Q

one host tick; important transmitter of Babesia bigemina and Babesia argentina (B. bovis)

A

Boophilus annulatus (North America cattle tick) or (texas fever cattle tick)

80
Q

Boophilus annulatus (North America cattle tick) or (texas fever cattle tick) transmits these

A

Babesia bigemina and Babesia argentina (B. bovis)

81
Q

one-host tick, transmits Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Borrelia theileri (spirochaetosis of ruminants)

A

Boophilus decoloratus (blue tick)

82
Q

transmited by Boophilus decoloratus or “blue tick”

A

Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Borrelia theileri (spirochaetosis of ruminants)

83
Q

One-host tick. Most common cattle tick in the Philippines. Attacks cattle, carabaos, buffaloes, sheep, goats including horse and deer

A

Boophilus microplus (B. australis) or “tropical cattle tick”

84
Q

transmits Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. argentina (B. bovis)

A

Boophilus microplus (B. australis) or “tropical cattle tick”

85
Q

Example of one-host ticks

A

Genus Boophilus
1. B. annulatus
2. B. decoloratus
3. B. microplus (B. australis)

86
Q

the genus Boophilus is closest to what Genus?

A

Genus Rhipicephalus

87
Q

Common name of Boophilus annulatus

A

“North America cattle tick” or “Texas fever cattle tick”

88
Q

Common name of Boophilus decoloratus

A

“blue tick”

89
Q

Common name of Boophilus microplus (B. australis)

A

“tropical cattle tick”

90
Q

Species under Genus Rhipicephalus

A
  1. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus – “brown ear tick”
  2. R. evertsi – “red-legged tick”
  3. *R. bursa
  4. Rhipicephalus sanguineus – “brown dog tick”, “kernel tick”
91
Q

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus or “brown ear tick” transmits the ff:

A

1. Theileria parva
2. T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis
3. Babesia bigemina
4. Rickettsia conorii

92
Q

Causative Agents of theileriosis or east coast fever

A

Theileria parva

93
Q

Disease transmitted by Theileria parva

A

theileriosis or east coast fever

94
Q

Causative agent of hepatozoonosis

A

T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis

95
Q

Disease transmitted by T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis

A

hepatozoonosis

96
Q

Causative agent of Piroplasmosis

A

Babesia bigemina

97
Q

Disease transmitted by Babesia bigemina

A

Piroplasmosis

98
Q

Causative agent of tick-bite fever

A

Rickettsia conorii

99
Q

Disease transmitted by Rickettsia conorii

A

tick-bite fever

100
Q

Rhipicephalus evertsi – “red-legged tick” transmits the ff:

A

Theileria mutans, T. parva, Babesia bigemina, B. equi

101
Q

Rhipicephalus bursa transmits the ff:

A

Babesia ovis
B. equi
B. caballi
Theileria ovis
Anaplasma marginale
Coxiella burnetii

102
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus – “brown dog tick”, “kernel tick” transmits the ff:

A

Babesia canis
B. equi
B. caballi
Hepatozoon canis
Rickettsia canis
R. conori
R. rickettsii
Ehrlichia canis

103
Q

Causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

104
Q

Common name of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

A

brown ear tick

105
Q

Common name of Rhipicephalus evertsi

A

“red-legged tick”

106
Q

Common name of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

“brown dog tick” or “kernel tick”

107
Q

Species under Genus Dermacentor

A

1. Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus) or “Rocky mountain wood tick”.
2. Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick)
3. Dermacentor reticulatus (Ornate cow thick)
4. Dermacentor nitens (Tropical horse tick)

108
Q

Example of three-host ticks

A

1. Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus)
2. Dermacentor variabilis
3. Dermacentor reticulatus

109
Q

One-host tick in Genus Dermacentor

A

Dermacentor nitens

110
Q

Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus) or “Rocky mountain wood tick (RMWT)” transmits the ff:

A

1. Leptospira Pomona
2. Rickettsia rickettsii
3. Anaplasma marginale
4. Babesia canis
5. Coxiella burnetii

111
Q

Disease transmitted by Leptospira pomona

A

Leptospirosis

112
Q

Causative agent of Leptospirosis

A

Leptospira Pomona

113
Q

Causative agent of Rocky Mountain Fever

A

“Rickettsia rickettsii*

114
Q

Disease transmitted by Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Rocky mountain fever

115
Q

Causative agent of Anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma marginale

116
Q

Disease transmitted by Anaplasma marginale

A

Anaplasmosis

117
Q

Causative agent of canine babesiosis

A

Babesia canis

118
Q

Disease transmitted by Babesia canis

A

Canine babesiosis

119
Q

Causative agent of Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

120
Q

Disease transmitted by Coxiella burnetii

121
Q

It is the cause of American tick paralysis.

A

Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus) or “Rocky mountain wood tick”

122
Q

Common name of Dermacentor andersoni (D. venustus)

A

“Rocky mountain wood tick”

123
Q

Common name of Dermacentor variabilis

A

American dog tick

124
Q

Common name of Dermacentor reticulatus

A

Ornate cow tick

125
Q

Common name of Dermacentor nitens

A

Tropical horse tick

126
Q

vector of equine piroplasmosis

A

Dermacentor nitens or Tropical horse tick

127
Q

Specie under Genus Hyalomma

A

Hyalomma truncatum

128
Q

causes “sweating sickness” in cattle

A

Hyalomma truncatum

129
Q

Disease caused by Hyalomma truncatum

A

sweating sickness

130
Q

Genus of Three-host ticks

A

Genus Haemaphysalis
Genus Amblyomma

131
Q

CN of Haemaphysalis leachi leachi

A

– “yellow dog tick”

132
Q

Haemaphysalis leachi leachi or yellow dog tick transmits the following:

A

1. B. canis
2. Rickettsia conorii
3. Coxiella burnetii

133
Q

Haemaphysalis cinnabarina punctata transmits the following on livestock

A

1. Babesia bigemina
2. B. motasi
3. A. marginale

134
Q

Causative agent of paralysis in cattle and sheep (Haemaphysalis cinnabarina punctata)

A

1. Babesia bigemina
2. B. motasi
3. A. marginale

135
Q

Haemaphysalis leporispalustris transmits the following on rabbits

A
  1. Coxiella burnetii
  2. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
  3. tularensis
136
Q

Species under Genus Amblyomma

A
  1. Amblyomma americanum or “lone star tick”
  2. A. variegatum or “tropical bont tick”
  3. A. cajennense or “cayenne tick”
137
Q

Common name of Amblyomma americanum

A

“lone star tick”

138
Q

Common name of Amblyomma variegatum

A

tropical bont tick

139
Q

Common name of Amblyomma cajennense

A

cayenne tick

140
Q

Characterized by the presence of white spots on the scutum of the female

A

Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick)

141
Q

Amblyomma americanum transmits this that causes heart water disease

A

Rickettsia ruminantium

142
Q

Disease caused by Rickettsia ruminantium

A

heart water disease

143
Q

Causative agent of heart water disease

A

Rickettsia ruminantium

144
Q

Diseases transmitted by Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick)

A

• heart water disease
• Nairobi sheep disease
• Q fever

145
Q

Amblyomma cajennense (cayenne tick) transmits these disease

A

spotted fever and leptospirosis

146
Q

members are exclusively of reptiles (phytons, snakes, lizard, etc)

A

Genus Aponomma

147
Q

occur on a wide variety of mammals

A

Genus Rhipicentor
• Rhipicentor nuttalli
• Rhipicentor bicornis

148
Q

Species under Genus Margaropus

A
  1. Margaropus winthemi (argentine tick)
  2. Margaropus reidi (Sudanese tick) (beady-legged tick)
149
Q

Ticks in general transmit these causative agent

A

louping ill virus, rickettsia, protozoa

150
Q

CN of Margaropus winthemi

A

“argentine tick”

151
Q

SN of argentine tick

A

Margaropus winthemi

152
Q

Hosts are horses and cattle. One-host tick

A

Margaropus winthemi – “argentine tick”

153
Q

CN of Margaropus reidi

A

Sudanese tick, beady-legged tick

154
Q

SN of Sudanese tick, beady-legged tick

A

Margaropus reidi

155
Q

host – giraffe. One-host tick

A

Margaropus reidi (Sudanese tick, beady-legged tick)

156
Q

Pathogenicity of Ticks in general:

A

• Irritation leads to licking and scratching, thus predisposing animals to myiasis and pyemia.
• Ticks suck blood leading to anemia, loss of weight, loss of milk.
• Transmits louping ill virus, rickettsia, and protozoa.
• Secrete toxins causing “tick paralysis”
• Cause “tick worry” and “sweating sickness”

157
Q

Ticks in general transmit the ff. disease and causative agents

A
  1. Transmits louping ill virus
  2. ** (Leptospira Pomona)
  3. Rickettsia (R. prowazekii, Anaplasma, R. rickettsii, R. conorii, R. ruminantium)
  4. Protozoa (Babesia spp., Theileria)
158
Q

begins with the limbs then spread to the medulla oblongata resulting in respiratory failure and death

A

tick paralysis

159
Q

Secrete toxins causing “tick paralysis” and causes “tick worry”

160
Q

as a result of irritation, anemia and other secondary skin infections combine

A

tick worry

161
Q

Crossing these to produce sterile male offspring as prevention of ticks.

A

B. microplus and B. annulatus

(3) VPARA (ENTOM) (7 decks)

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