Vestibular System Clinical Application

Question 1

___________ is associated with distension of the membranous labyrinth due to high endolymph pressure (endolymphatic hydrops)

Answer 1

Meniere’s disease

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of _______ include vertigo, nystagmus, nausea, tinnitus, and hearing loss

Answer 2

Meniere’s disease

Question 3

Treatment of _______ includes diuretics or salt-restricted diet

Answer 3

Meniere’s Disease

Question 4

_______ occurs when a portion of the temporal bone overlying the canal thins and creates an opening to the dura mater.

Answer 4

semicircular canal dihiscence

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of ________ include vertigo, nystagmus, and oscillopsia

Answer 5

semicircular canal dihiscence

Question 6

Tullio phenomenon: sound-induced vertigo, nystagmus, and oscillopsia are associated with:

Answer 6

semicircular canal dihiscence

Question 7

This is cited as the most common cause of vertigo:

Answer 7

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 8

paroxysmal means:

Answer 8

sudden onset, short duration

Question 9

______ is caused when otoconia crystals dislodge, typically from the utricle into the posterior canal

Answer 9

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 10

The _______ is performed to diagnose BPPV, and a positive test will reproduce symptoms of vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus

Answer 10

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

Question 11

_______ is inflammation of the membranous labyrinth, vestibular nerve, or ganglion, usually caused by viral infection such as herpes simplex

Answer 11

vestibular neuritis

Question 12

Vestibular schwannoma is:

Answer 12

a benign tumor arising from Schwann cells myelinating CN VIII

Question 13

The most characteristic sign of ________ is hearing loss, which is not seen as frequently in _______

Answer 13

vestibular schwannoma, vestibular neuritis

Question 14

The 2 arteries involved in lateral medullary syndrome are the:

Answer 14

PICA and Vertebral artery

Question 15

The nuclei involved in lateral medullary syndrome are the _____ and the ______

Answer 15

medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus

Question 16

The _______ is a test of the vestibuloocular reflex

Answer 16

oculocephalic maneuver

Question 17

In a comotose patient, a positive doll’s eye response means ______, and a negative response means that _______

Answer 17

the brainstem is intact, the brainstem is compromised and it is a worse prognosis

Question 18

Lesion to the ______ or _______ produces ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy with contralateral gaze preference

Answer 18

PPRF, abducens nucleus

Question 19

In a patient with ipsilateral gaze palsy and contralateral gaze preference, if the lesion is in the ________, gaze palsy cannot be overcome with caloric testing

Answer 19

abducens nucleus

Question 20

In a patient with ipsilateral gaze palsy and contralateral gaze preference, if the lesion is in the ________, gaze palsy can be overcome with caloric testing (a VOR can be induced)

Answer 20

PPRF

Question 21

In _______, the patient has loss of contralateral pain and temperature sensation, loss of ipsilateral pain and temperature from the face, hoarseness and contralateral deviation of the uvula, ataxia, and contralateral beating nystagmus

Answer 21

lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)

Question 22

In ______, the ALS, stpinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, nucleus ambiguus, restiform body, and vestibular nuclei are lesioned

Answer 22

lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome