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Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit II > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

The ________ network controls eye movements to maintain gaze while head is in motion, while the ______ network influences postural adjustments of the head and body

A

vestibuloocular network, vestibulospinal network

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2
Q

The ______ network provides conscious perception of motion and spatial orientation

A

vestibulothalamocortical network

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3
Q

The _____ and the _____ merge to form the vestibulocohlear nerve, CN VIII

A

vestibular nerve, cochlear nerve

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4
Q

The vestibule of the bony labyrinth contains the _____ and the _____

A

utricle, saccule

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5
Q

The sensory organ of the semicircular ducts is the _______ contained in the ______

A

crista ampullaris, ampullae

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6
Q

The otolith organs, utricle and saccule, in vestibule contain ______ as their sensory organ

A

macula

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7
Q

The ______ transduce linear acceleration and tilt

A

otolith organs (utricle and saccule)

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8
Q

The ______ is found between the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth and has a high ______ concentration and low _____ concentration

A

perilymph, Na+, K+

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9
Q

The perilymph is continuous with the subarachnoid space via the _______

A

cochlear aqueduct

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10
Q

The _______ is within the membranous labyrinth and is high in ________ and low in ______

A

endolymph, K+, Na+

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11
Q

The ampullae of the semicircular ducts and the utricle and saccule are located in the _______

A

membranous labyrinth

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12
Q

The stereocilia of hair cells of the crista ampullaris are embeded in _________

A

gelatinous cupula

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13
Q

The stereocilia of hair cells in crista ampullaris are deflected by ___________

A

endolymph movement of cupula

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14
Q

________ or _____ displaces otolith membrane and causes deflection of stereocilia

A

linear acceleration, tilt

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15
Q

The otoconia of the macula of the utricle and saccule are _____ dense than the surrounding endolymph

A

more dense

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16
Q

The ______ forms a thickening of the surface ectoderm and invaginates to form otic pit

A

otic placode

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17
Q

The otic placode is a thickening of the _______

A

surface ectoderm

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18
Q

The ________ closes off to form otic vessicle

A

otic pit

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19
Q

The ________ ganglion will eventually split into vestibular (scarpa’s) ganglion and cochlear (spiral ganglion)

A

statoacoustic ganglion

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20
Q

The vestibular ganglion is also called the ________ ganglion

A

Scarpa’s ganglion

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21
Q

The ________ forms the membranous labyrinth. The dorsal portion forms the _______, ________, and _________

A

otic vesicle, utricle, endolymphatic duct, semicircular ducts

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22
Q

The ventral component of the otic vessicle forms the _____ and ______

A

saccule, cochlear duct

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23
Q

The ________ begin as flattened outpocketings of the dorsal otic vesicle

A

semicircular ducts

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24
Q

The blood supply to the membranous labyrinth is via the ________ which is typically a branch of ______

A

labyrinthine artery, AICA

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25
Q

The _________ artery courses with VIII through the internal acoustic meatus

A

labyrinthine artery

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26
Q

_______ and _______ are embedded in cupula or otolith membrane and are surrounded by endolymph (high K+)

A

stereocilia, kinocilium

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27
Q

________ are contained in support cells of the crista ampullaris and maculae and is surrounded by perilymph (low K+)

A

vestibular hair cell bodies

28
Q

displacement of stereocilia toward the kinocilium of a vestibular hair cell promotes _______ and influx of ____ from endolymph

A

channel to open, K+

29
Q

Influx of K+ after hair cell channels are opened causes _________ channels to open leading to the release of _______ and _______

A

Ca2+ channels, aspartate, glutamate

30
Q

The semicircular ducts are oriented ________ to the utricle and saccule

A

orthogonal

31
Q

The semicircular ducts are _____

A

yoked to each other

32
Q

orientation of hair cells in yoked semicircular ducts are _________ in relation to each other

A

complementary (reversed)

33
Q

A head turn to the left will excite hair cells in the __________ and inhibit hair cells in the _______

A

left horizontal crista ampullaris, right crista ampullaris

34
Q

The kinocillium in the left horizontal semicircular ampulla is closest to the ______ head

A

posterior

35
Q

The _______ of the otolith membrane of each macula is what all macular hair cells are oriented relative to

A

striola

36
Q

_______ hair cells are oriented toward the striola, _______ hair cells are oriented away from the striola

A

utricular, saccular

37
Q

The _______ make it possible for head tilt or linear acceleration to deflect hair cells in this sensory organ

A

otoconia

38
Q

biplolar neurons of CN VIII form a ____ which synapses with type I vestibular hair cells, and forms a ______ on type II vestibular hair cells

A

calyx, synaptic bouton

39
Q

Cells bodies in the ________ ganglion are within the internal acoustic meatus

A

vestibular (Scarpa’s) ganglion

40
Q

The vestibular nuclei found in the caudal pons are the:

A

superior, medial, and lateral vestibular nuclei

41
Q

The vestibular nuclei found in the rostral medulla are the:

A

medial and inferior vestibular nuclei

42
Q

The vestibular nuclei of the caudal pons are supplied by the ________ and _______ arteries

A

circumferential branches of basilar, AICA

43
Q

The vestibular nuclei in the rostral medulla are supplied by the ______ artery

A

PICA

44
Q

Saccular primary afferent neurons project to _______ which influences _______ via projections to _______

A

cell group Y, vertical eye movements, oculomotor nucleus

45
Q

The ______ is the only sensory organ to send direct projections to the cerebellum

A

vestibular labyrinth

46
Q

The ________ nucleus projects bilaterally to vestibular nuclei

A

fastigial nucleus

47
Q

The ________ influences eye movements, head movements, and posture

A

vestibulocerebellar module

48
Q

The fastigial nucleus receives input from the vestibular nuclei via the ________ and ________

A

fastigiovestibular fibers, juxtarestiform body

49
Q

The fastigial nucleus projects to the ________ and ______

A

flocculonodular lobe, medial part of vermis

50
Q

The _______ are pathways by which pairs of yoked semicircular ducts and maculae are compared

A

commissural fibers

51
Q

reflexes and postural control impaired by unilateral lesion of peripheral structures can be restored by ________ through commissural fibers

A

central adjustment

52
Q

________ axons provide proprioceptive input to the vestibular nuclei and arise from ______

A

spinovestibular axons, all levels of spinal cord

53
Q

The ________ provide input from visual environment to vestibular nuclei

A

accessory optic system (small visual system nuclei)

54
Q

________ axons are afferents from the thalamus and cortical regions to the vestibular nuclei

A

corticovestibular and thalamovestibular axons

55
Q

The vestibulospinal network produces reflexive postural adjustments of the head and body via the _______ and the _______

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract, medial vestibulospinal tract

56
Q

The lateral vestibulospinal tract of the vestibulospinal network projects to the ________ nucleus

A

lateral vestibular nucleus

57
Q

The medial vestibulospinal tract of the vestibulospinal network receives projections from the ______ and _______

A

medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus

58
Q

The UMN cell bodies in the vestibular nucleus are ipsilateral and responsible for reflexive control of ________ and _______ muscles related to balance and posture

A

paravertebral muscles, proximal limb extensor muscles

59
Q

The _______ receives no input from the cerebral cortex

A

vestibulospinal network

60
Q

All 4 vestibular nuclei contralaterally project to the ______

A

thalamus

61
Q

Primarily the ______ thalamus, especially the _____ receive vestibular nuclei input

A

posterior, VPL

62
Q

The function of the vestibuloocular network is to:

A

maintain a fixed gaze on an object while the head is moving

63
Q

VOR:

A

vestibuloocular reflex (moving eyes to maintain gaze on object during head movement)

64
Q

The 3 nuclei involved in the vestibuloocular network are the:

A

abducens, trochelar, oculomotor

65
Q

The _______ provides connections between abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nuclei

A

MLF

66
Q

The bipolar primary afferent neurons of CN VIII within the vestibuloocular network project to the vestibular nuclei and then to ____________ and ________

A

contralateral abducens nucleus and MLF

Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit II (6 decks)

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