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Neuro Science Exam 3 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts to the peripheral vestibular system?

A
  1. Superior/anterior canals
  2. Middle/horizontal canals
  3. Posterior Canals
  4. Utricle
  5. Saccule
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2
Q

What structures make up the inner ear?

A

Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

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3
Q

What are the names of the vestibular nuclei?

A

superior, inferior, lateral, and medial

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4
Q

What are the functions of the vestibular system?

A

motion detection

generating compensatory movement

needs to maintain the stability of the body, head, and eyes in space

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5
Q

The horizontal canal is pitched ___ degrees above true horizontal. What is this called?

A

30

Reed’s line

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6
Q

The semicircular canals are at ___ degrees angles to one another.

A

90

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7
Q

The cochlear apparatus is at a ___ degree angle to midline.

A

45

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8
Q

What motion is pitch?

A

“yes”

Cervical flexion

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9
Q

What motion is yaw?

A

“no”

cervical rotation L and R

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10
Q

What motion is roll?

A

cervical extension and rotation

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11
Q

Where is perilymph fluid located?

A

between boney and membranous labyrinth

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12
Q

Where is endolymph fluid located?

A

Within membranous labyrinth

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13
Q

____ are hair cells that detect motion via movement of ____.

A

stereocilia

endolymph

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14
Q

Large hair like projection that detects motion

A

Kinocilium

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15
Q

What factor (excitation/inhibition) is detected when steriocilium bend toward kinocilium?

A

excitation

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16
Q

What factor (excitation/inhibition) is detected when stereocilium bend away from kinocilium?

A

inhibition

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17
Q

Name the pairs of canals that maximize fluid flow?

A

horizontal

Left anterior, Right posterior

R anterior, L posterior

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18
Q

If you turn your head to the L, you will maximally excite which canal? What is this called?

A

L horizontal

Yaw

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19
Q

If you turn head to R and pitch, what are you exciting?

A

L anterior canal

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20
Q

If you turn head to the R and roll, what are you exciting?

A

R posterior canal

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21
Q

During acceleration, endolymph flows in the same or opposite direction of head movement?

A

opposite

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22
Q

During deceleration prior to stopping, endolymph flows in the same or opposite direction of head movement?

A

same

23
Q

True or False.

Otoliths are sensitive to rotation.

A

False

24
Q

What structures are otoliths?

A

saccule and utricle

25
Q

You decide to go bungy jumping. What otolith is engaged?

A

saccule (think dropping a sac)

26
Q

You are taking a train ride when suddenly the train comes to a screeching halt, what otolith is involved?

A

utricle

27
Q

What structures unite with the Vestibular Nuclei complex?

A

Lateral= LVST

Medial= MVST

Superior= MLF

Inferior= fibers of MVST traverse (no pathway)

28
Q

This tract extends the length of the spinal cord; responsible for maintaining balance and extensor tone.

Does its fibers runs ipsilateral, contralateral, or both?

A

LVST

ipsilateral

29
Q

This tract extends through cervical spine; controls neck and head position.

Does its fibers runs ipsilateral, contralateral, or both?

A

MVST

Bilateral

30
Q

Connects the nuclei involved in eye movements to each other and to the vestibular nuclei

A

MLF

31
Q

What pathway mediates VOR?

A

MLF

32
Q

The vestibulocerebellar pathways have links to what part of the cerebellum?

A

flocculonodular lobes and cerebellar vermis

33
Q

If you turn head to the L and pitch, what canal is maximally excited?

A

R anterior canal

34
Q

If you turn your head to the L and roll, what canal is maximally excited?

A

L posterior canal

35
Q

When you turn your head to the L, this is excitatory or inhibitory to the R horizontal canal?

A

inhibitory

36
Q

What are the two components of VOR?

A

Angular: mediated by SCC

Linear: mediated by otoliths

37
Q

Stabilizes visual images during head movements.

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

38
Q

When you turn your head to the R, which eyes muscles do you engage?

A

L lateral rectus, R medial rectus

39
Q

When you turn your head to the R, the MLF on the ___ ascends ipsilateral to CN 3, MLF on the ___ ascends contralateral to CN 6.

A

Right

Left

40
Q

In vertical VOR, when extend your neck, the eyes move ___. When you flex your neck, the eyes move ___.

A

down

up

41
Q

When eyes and head go in the same direction.

A

VOR cancellation

42
Q

The ratio of eye velocity and head velocity

A

VOR gain

43
Q

Generates compensatory body movement in order to stabilize the body for postural control.

A

Vestibulo-spinal reflex (VSR)

44
Q

____ activity is induced on the side of the head movement, via the ___.

A

extensor

LVST

45
Q

____ activity is induced on the opposite side of the head movement.

A

flexor

46
Q

This structure adjusts and maintains VOR gain

A

flocculus

47
Q

This structure responds to vestibular stimulation

A

vermis

48
Q

This structure adjusts duration of VOR responses and processes otolith input

A

Nodulus

49
Q

A person’s eyes move slowly to the R and rapidly moves to the L. This is considered a ___ (R or L) beating nystagmus?

A

Left beating

50
Q

No matter which direction you look, the nystagmus is always in same direction due to one side being stronger. This is indicative a peripheral or central nystagmus?

A

Peripheral

51
Q

This type of nystagmus can be suppressed with fixation.

A

Peripheral

52
Q

This nystagmus is seen in darkness but not in light.

A

Peripheral

53
Q

Pure vertical nystagmus is always indicative of central or peripheral?

A

central

Neuro Science Exam 3 (5 decks)

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