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Neuro Science Exam 3 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is the BG made of gray or white matter nuclei?

A

gray

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2
Q

All of the following are functions of the BG except:

a. facilitate desired movement
b. controls saccadic eye movement
c. inhibit competing movements
d. play a roll in psychiatric disorders
e. all of the above are functions

A

e. All of the above are functions of the BG

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3
Q

What structures make up the striatum?

A

caudate and putamen

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4
Q

What two structures make the lenticular nucleus?

A

putamen and globus pallidus

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5
Q

Input comes into the BG by way of the ___.

A

striatum

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6
Q

BG output is projected by way of the ___.

A

globus pallidus internus (GPi) and substantia nigra pars reticulata

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7
Q

BG lesion effects are contralateral, ipsilateral, or both?

A

contralateral

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8
Q

What are the three input pathways?

A
  1. cortex to striatum-excitatory
  2. substantia nigra to putatmen- inhibitory or excitatory
  3. thalamus to putamen- excitatory
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9
Q

What part of the body does the SN pars reticulata convey info?

What part of the body does the GPi convey info?

A

head and neck

rest of the body

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10
Q

What are the three output pathways from the BG?

A
  1. GPi/SN pars reticulata to Thalamus (VA and VL) to Frontal Cortex (lateral corticospinal tract, supplemental motor and premotor)
  2. GPi/SN pars reticulata to reticular formation (reticulospinal tract)
  3. SN pars reticulata to superior colliculus (tectospinal tract)
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11
Q

Define if excitatory or inhibitory.

GABA

Glutamate

A

inhibitory

excitatory

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12
Q

The globus pallidus internus wants to (inhibit or excite) the thalamus?

A

inhibit

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13
Q

Direct pathways (increase or decrease) movement?

A

increase

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14
Q

Indirect pathways (increase or decrease) movement?

A

decrease

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15
Q

Less output from the GPi to the thalamus results in (more or less) movement?

A

more

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16
Q

The globus palidus externus (inhibits or excites) the subthalamic nucleus?

A

inhibits

17
Q

The subthalamic nucleus (inhibits or excites) the GPi?

A

excites

18
Q

Dopamine (increases or decreases) motor activity?

A

increases/excites

19
Q

Acetylcholine (increases or decreases) motor activity?

A

decreases/inhibits

20
Q

A patient presents with loss of ROM, decreased intonation/volume, and shuffling steps. What condition might this be indicative of?

A

Parkinson’s

21
Q

What neurotransmitter is lacking in Parkinson’s D?

A

Dopamine

22
Q

A patient presents with rapid, involuntary and purposeless jerks of irregular and variable movement. They also have irritableness and explosive behavior. What condition might this be indicative of?

A

Huntington’s Disease

23
Q

What neurotransmitter is lacking in Huntington’s D?

A

Acetylcholine

Neuro Science Exam 3 (5 decks)

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