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ESA4 > Vessels of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Vessels of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main arteries of the head and neck?

A 
Common Carotid (I&E)
Vertebral Arteries
Inferior Thyroid
Suprascapular
Superficial Cervical
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2
Q

What are the branches that come off the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral Arteries
Thryocervical Trunk
Internal Thoracic

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3
Q

Describe the course of the common carotid

A

Ascends in the Carotid Sheath
Anterior to SCM and IJV

Splits at the level of C4, superior border of the thyroid cartilage

Anterior triangle

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4
Q

What is the Carotid Sinus?

A

A swelling at the bifurcation

Has baroreceptors which detect arterial BP changes

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5
Q

What is the Carotid Body?

A

Located at the bifurcation
contain peripheral chemoreceptors
detect the change in pO2
Quite insensitve

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6
Q

What can happen at the level of C4?

A

Bufurcation can narrow (stenosis)
turbulance can occur, atheroma formation
If this embolises it can cause stroke or TIA

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7
Q

What does the ICA supply?

A

Internal structures of the head

No branches in the neck

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8
Q

Give some branches of the ICA

A

Opthalmic Artery - Supplies Eyes

Branches to Supraorbital and Supratrochlear which supply the scalp

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9
Q

What are the branches of the ECA?

A

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

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10
Q

What are the terminal branches of the ECA?

A

Superficial Temporal

Maxillary

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11
Q

Which branches of the ECA supply the scalp?

A

Occipital
Superficial Temporal
Posterior Auricular

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12
Q

Which branches of the ICA supply the scalp?

A

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital

Both come from the Opthalmic branch of the ICA

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13
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Dense Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Periostium
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14
Q

Which branch of the ECA suppies the deep facial structures?

A

Maxillary Artery

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15
Q

What are the important branches of the Maxillary Artery (ECA)?

A

Middle Meningeal (Supplies dura and skin) can cause extradural haemorrage if damaged at the pterion

Sphenopalatine
Infraorbital,
Buccal and Inferior Alveolar

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16
Q

What is the order of the brain covering? aka the Meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

17
Q

What are the layers of the dura mater?
What runs in them?
Describe these…

A 
Periosteal layer and Meningeal Layer
Dural Venous Sinuses
Superior and Inferior Saggital Sinuses, Transverse and Vertical
Drain to Cavernous Sinus
Lined by endothelium
18
Q

How do veins of the scalp drain?

A

Drain via emissary veins (valveless) into dural venous sinuses, which drain to the cavernous sinus/ptergoid plexus and then the the IJV

19
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Inferior Thryoid
Suprascapular
Superficial Cervical

20
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries run?

What do they supply?

A 
In the transverse foramina of C6 to C1
The brain (makes up circle of Willis with the ICA)
21
Q

What is the drainage of the supraorbital/tochlear veins?

A

Join to form the angular vein

which drains to the facial vein

22
Q

What is the drainage of the facial vein?

A

Facial Vein drains the the IJV, can go via the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus

23
Q

What is the drainage of the deep parts of the scalp?

A

They drain to the pterygoid plexus

24
Q

What is the significance of the scalp being drained this way?

A

Infection of the scalp can spread to the cranial cavity and cause meningitis

25
Q

Which vessel do we use to estimate the JVP?

A

External Jugular Vein

Easier to access

26
Q

What can cause a raised JVP?

A

Right Heart Failure
Fluid Overload
Tricuspid Regurgitation

Pulmonary Embolism (Massive)
SVC Obstruction
Pericardial Tamponade
27
Q

What is the course of the IJV?

A

Exit the skull via the jugular foramen
Descend the neck in the carotid sheath
Lateral the the common carotid
Deep to the SCM

28
Q

What is the course of the EJV?

A

Runs through the carotid triangle
crosses the SCM anteriorly then goes into the posterior triangle where it goes behind the SCM
Unites with the Subclavian to become the brachiocephalic

29
Q

What causes lots of bleeding with a cut on the scalp?

A

Aponeurosis is pulled by occipitofrontalis which holds a deeper laceration open

Anastomoses cause a lot of bleeding

30
Q

What do the branches of the thryocervical trunk supply?

A

Inferior Thyroid…
Suprascapular - Shoulder
Cervical - Neck

ESA4 (7 decks)

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