Vessels and nerves - Upper limb Flashcards
What is the route of the suprascapular nerve?
From brachial plexus (superior trunk) travels through the supracapular foramen between bone and supraspinatus muscle, through grease scapular notch to infraspinatus
What is the route of the axillary nerve?
From brachial plexus (posterior cord) passes posterior to surgical neck of humerus and innervates the trees minor, deltoid and regimental badge
What branches come from the axillary artery?
Subclavian-axillary anastomosis
Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex artery
Thoracoacromial trunk
What is the axillary-axillary anastomosis?
Between the humeral circumflex a. and the profound brachii a.
What passes through the subscapular foramen of the axilla?
Suprascapular nerve (through) and supra scapular artery (above)
What passes through the quadrangular space of the axilla?
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
What passes through the triangular space of the axilla?
Circumflex scapular artery
What passes through the triangle interval of the axilla?
Radial nerve ad the profunda brachii a.
Where is the first part of the axillary artery and what is it branch?
Where: From the first rib to the beginning of the pectorals minor
Branch: Superior thoracic artery
Where is the second part of the axillary artery and what are its branches?
Where: Under the pectorals minor
Branches: Thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery
Where is the third part of the axillary artery and what are its branches?
Where: When the artery comes out from under the pectoralis minor
Branches: The subscapular artery (circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal artery), anterior humeral circumflex artery and the posterior humeral circumflex artery
What is the route of the Circumflex scapular artery?
Passes through the triangular space and enters the intraspinous fossa and anatomises with some branches of the subscapular artery and dorsal scapular artery
What is the route of the thoracodorsal artery?
Follows lateral border of the scapular and then supplies medial walls and latissimus dorsi
What is the route of the anterior humeral circumflex artery?
Runs around the back of the surgical neck of the humerus and then connects with th e posterior humeral circumflex artery
Via what route does the suprascapular branch of the subclavian artery join to the axillary artery to create the shoulder anastomoses?
1) Suprascapular > circumflex scapular > subscapular > axillary
2) Suprascapular > posterior humeral circumflex > axillary
Via what route does the transverse cervical branch of the subclavian artery join to the axillary artery to create the shoulder anastomoses?
Transverse cervical/dorsal scapular > Circumflex scapular > subscapular > axillary
Describe the location of the axillary vein and its major tributary
The axillary vein is anteromedial to the axillary artery and its major tributary is the cephalic vein which runs in the deltopectoral groove (superficial)
What are the branches of the brachial artery ?
Profunda brachii a.
2 ulnar collateral a.
Radial a.
Ulnar a.
What are the branches of the profound brachii a. in the arm?
Divides into the radial and middle collateral a.
What is the route of the brachial artery in the arm?
Starts at the teres major muscle and on the lateral side of the arm and then moves onto the anterior aspect of the arm
What the route of the musculocutaneous nerve in the arm?
Passes through the coracobrachialis and between the biceps and brachial and terminates as the lateral cutaneous nerve off the forearm
What is the route of the median nerve in the arm?
Travels in anterior compartment, related to brachial artery
What is the route of the ulnar nerve in the arm?
Follows brachial artery, passes to posterior compartment and around the medial epicondyle
What is the route of the radial nerve in the arm?
Accompanies the deep artery and then passes to anterior compartment lateral to the epicondyle, anterior to the elbow and gives off muscular and cutaneous branches
What is the route of the radial artery in the forearm?
Down the lateral aspect of the arm, under the brachioradialis, blood to posterolateral aspect of hand, superficial palmar branch
What is the route of the ulnar artery in the forearm?
Medial side of forearm with nerve, enter the hand superficial to the carpal tunnel, supplies blood to forearm and hand
What is the route of the common interosseous artery in the forearm?
It is usually a branch of the ulnar artery and it has anterior and posterior branches which supply both compartments of the forearm
What is the route of the median nerve in the forearm?
Innervates anterior forearm muscles (except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus, passes through the cubital fossa , down anterior aspect of arm and through carpal tunnel where it is 2 branches
What is the route of the ulnar nerve in the forearm?
Innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (in the arm because they attach at the elbow) and then they pass around the back of the medial epicondyle of elbow, down medial edge of arm (with ulnar artery) and enters hand above the carpal tunnel and splits into two branches
What is the route of the radial nerve in the forearm?
Anterolateral superficial branch is sensory and goes around the front of lateral epicondyle then gives off superficial and deep branch
What happens to the superficial branch of the ulnar artery in the hand?
Superficial branch goes from medial to lateral and gives off 4 branches which turn from the common to the proper palmar digital arteries
What happens to the deep branch of the ulnar artery in the hand?
It joins the deep palmar/dorsal carpal arch
What happens to the radial artery in the hand?
It forms the dorsal carpal arch, which gives off the dorsal metacarpal arteries, which turn into the dorsal digital arteries
How does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?
Through Guyon’s canal between the pisiform and hamate bones
How does the median nerve enter the hand?
Through the carpal tunnel
How does the radial nerve enter the hand?
Enters the hand by passing over the anatomical snuff box
How do you test the motor function of the median nerves?
Forceful opposition of thumbs
How do you test the motor function of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?
Flexion of MCP with extension of IP and forceful adduction of fingers (with paper)
