vessels

Question 1

what passes throught foramen spinosum?

Answer 1

middle meningeal artery +meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

Question 2

what passes through foramen rotundum?

Answer 2

maxillary nerve

Question 3

what passes through foramen ovale?

Answer 3

mandibular nerve + lesser petrosal

Question 4

what passes through foramen lacrum?

Answer 4

internal carotid artery passes its posterior wall + greater petrosal nerve

Question 5

what vessel goes over inferior petrosal sulcus?

Answer 5

inferior petrosal sinus

Question 6

what nerves pass through jugular foramen?

Answer 6

cranial nerves 9,10,11.

Question 7

what is another name of pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 7

sphenopalatine fossa

Question 8

what foramen does facial nerve pass through to exit skull

Answer 8

stylomastoid foramen

Question 9

what goes over mastoid notch?

Answer 9

occipital artery

Question 10

what goes through mandibular foramen?

Answer 10

inferior alveolar artery and nerve

Question 11

what goes out of mental foramen?

Answer 11

mental artery, vein and nerve

Question 12

where about does the common carotid branch?

Answer 12

superior margin of thyroid cartilage

Question 13

what nerve goes right by side common carotid and internal carotid?

Answer 13

vagus nerve

Question 14

what is inside carotid sheath?

Answer 14

common and internal carotid, internal jugular, vagus+ ansa cervicalis

Question 15

what are the branches of external carotid artery?

Answer 15

the three anterior: superior thyroid, lingual artery (just above greater horn of hyoid), facial artery.
posterior: occipital, ascending pharyngeal, posterior auricular artery, superficial temporal and maxillary.

Question 16

name a branch of superior thyroid artery

Answer 16

superior laryngeal artery

Question 17

branches of maxillary A?

Answer 17

middle meningeal artery, deep auricular and anterior tympanic, inferior alveolar, deep temporal artery, buccal, posterior superior alveolar artery, pterygoid branches, the terminal comes out inferior to orbit which is infera-orbital artery

Question 18

what are the branches of subclavian artery?

Answer 18

internal thoracic, thyrocervical (further into inferior thyroid), vertebral, costocervical

Question 19

what is the origin of vertebral arteries?

Answer 19

subclavian

Question 20

what are the types of nerve associated with arteries?

Answer 20

muscle contraction-penetrate wall, mostly symp

hitch hikers-remain outside adventitia, parasymp,symp, sensory or a combo

Question 21

example of branches of an artery to artery anastomosis?

Answer 21

left and right superior labial arteries

Question 22

example of two arteries coming together to form one single artery?

Answer 22

vertebral arteries forming basilar artery

Question 23

example of two arteries linked by small connecting artery?

Answer 23

circle of willis

Question 24

example of arterio-venous anatsomosis?

Answer 24

capillary bed in skin of face for thermoregulation

Question 25

level of arch of aorta?

Answer 25

manubriosternal joint

Question 26

branches of arch of aorta?

Answer 26

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 27

level of brachiocephalic trunk branching?

Answer 27

sternoclavicular | right common carotid and subclavian

Question 28

level of common carotid dividing?

Answer 28

top of thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 29

what does carotid sheath contain?

Answer 29

common and internal carotid, internal jugular, vagus, ansa cervicalis.

Question 30

what structure is prominantly posterior to carotid sheath?

Answer 30

symp trunk

Question 31

anterior and posterior branches of external carotid A.?

Answer 31

A: -superior thyroid -lingual-deep to intermediate tendon of digastric -facial-supplies submandibular and sublingual glands, soft palate, tonsils, superficial face. P: -ascending pharyngeal-bellow posterior belly of digastric, supplies extra cranial pharynx, TMJ, tympanic cavity and also meninges (via an intracranial branch through foramen magnum) -occipital-supplies occiput and SCM , grooves the occiput medial to mastoid process -posterior auricular- supplies parotid, auricle, occiput, arises above posterior belly of digastric

Question 32

terminal branches of external carotid?

Answer 32

superficial temporal and maxillary

Question 33

where does the ex. carotid divide to form the terminal branches?

Answer 33

in the parotid

Question 34

supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries are branches of ----- artery.

Answer 34

ophthalmic artery which is a branch of internal carotid.

Question 35

what is a variation of superior thryroid artery?

Answer 35

may arise from upper common carotid

Question 36

branches of facial?

Answer 36

Tonsilar artery submental Inferior and superior labial arteries

Question 37

variation to facial artery?

Answer 37

may arise as a single trunk with lingual/ or with superior thyroid artery

Question 38

ascending pharyngeal arises ---- posterior belly, occipital passes ---- to posterior belly. posterior auricular ---- posterior belly.

Answer 38

well below deep above

Question 39

branches of superficial temporal?

Answer 39

transverse facial, zygomatico-orbital

Question 40

where is transverse facial located and what does it supply?

Answer 40

below zygomatic arch and within parotid. | supplies parotid, inferior part of orbicularis oculi.

Question 41

location of zygomatico-orbital and its supply?

Answer 41

above zygomatic arch, supplies superior orbicularis oculi

Question 42

the very last branches of superficial temporal are ---- and ---- which supply ------- structures.

Answer 42

frontal and parietal branches, | scalp, ear, temporalis. Temporalis also supplied by deep temporal arteries.

Question 43

facial artery terminates in -----.

Answer 43

medial corner of the eye

Question 44

describe the course maxillary artery

Answer 44

passes medial to neck of the mandible, between two heads of lateral pterygoid, into pterygopalatine fossa. but it branches before entering the fossa.

Question 45

branches of maxillary artery

Answer 45

-deep auricular artery, -anterior tympanic artery, -middle meningeal artery and -inferior alveolar artery + branches to muscles of mastication; -medial and lateral pterygoid, -masseteric, -buccinator -deep temporal ALSO -posterior superior alveolar -infraorbital artery-terminal branch

Question 46

infraorbital artery enters the orbit through ---- | Branches into-----

Answer 46

inferior orbital fissure | superior alveolar arteries

Question 47

deep auricular and anterior tympanic supply ---,----,----.

Answer 47

tmj, tympanic membrane, middle ear

Question 48

middle meningeal artery often passes between ---- of -----.

Answer 48

two heads of auriculotemporal nerve

Question 49

carotid body is a ----- which detects ----.

Answer 49

chemoreceptor, | oxygen levels

Question 50

carotid body and sinus are both innervated by ---,---- and ----.

Answer 50

glosso vagus symp trunk

Question 51

branches of internal carotid?

Answer 51

inside skull it gives off opthalamic artery which supplies orbit, eye and forehed, which gives of terminal branches of supraorbital and supratrochlear.

Question 52

branches of subclavian artery?

Answer 52

vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical (branches to inferior thyroid artery ) trunk, costocervical trunk

Question 53

vertebral artery passes through ---- (foramen), then passes through---- to enter skull and forms a single----.

Answer 53

foramen transversaria foramen magnum basilar

Question 54

costocervical is deep to -----.

Answer 54

anterior scalene muscle

Question 55

how is venous return assisted?

Answer 55

gravity muscle in vein walls external pressure from contraction of adjacent viscera, movement of adjacent viscera, suction of blood into thorax during inspiration and valves.

Question 56

what are the tributaries of brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 56

inferior thyroid veins vertebral veins internal thoracic veins

Question 57

what does internal jugular drain?

Answer 57

cranial dural sinuses | facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior and middle thyroid veins.

Question 58

between anterior and middle scalene muscles we have --- and --- coming off.

Answer 58

subclavian artery and brachial plexus.

Question 59

tributaries of subclavian vein?

Answer 59

``` external jugular anterior jugulars (variable as may drain into external jugulars). ```

Question 60

--- and ---- form the retromandibular vein.

Answer 60

maxillary and superficial temporal veins

Question 61

anterior branch of retromandibular vein unites with the ---- vein to form ----.

Answer 61

facial vein to form the internal jugular

Question 62

the posterior branch of retromandibular vein unites with ----- to form ----.

Answer 62

posterior auricular vein to form external jugular.

Question 63

external jugular is ---- to scm unlike internal jugular and common carotid.

Answer 63

external

Question 64

facial vein is formed by confluence of ---- and ---- veins.

Answer 64

supra-orbital and supra-trochlear veins.

Question 65

what does facial vein drain?

Answer 65

anterior maxilla, anterior mandible | NB-posterior mandible and maxilla are drained via pterygoid plexus.

Question 66

----- connect facial vein to pterygoid venous plexus at the level of -----. And it drains ----,---- and ----.

Answer 66

deep facial vein z. major buccinator, masseter and z. major.

Question 67

occipital vein drains into either ---- or ---- veins.

Answer 67

vertebral or posterior auricular veins

Question 68

T/F: venous sinuses lack valves.

Answer 68

true

Question 69

sss runs in dure beneath -----.

Answer 69

sagittal suture

Question 70

cavernous sinus is connected to dural sinuses and other plexuses e.g. pterygoid plexus, and opthalamic vein through ---- veins.

Answer 70

emissary veins

Question 71

things that pass through cavernous sinus?

Answer 71

internal carotid with its symp plexus, oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, opthalamic, and maxillary divisions of trigeminal.

Question 72

what does pterygoid venous plexus drain?

Answer 72

pterygoid muscles and lower temporalis

Question 73

blood from pterygoid plexus drains into --- vein then into ----.

Answer 73

maxillary vein | retromandibular vein