cranial nerves and lymphatics Flashcards
cranial nerves with parasymp division?
oculomotor, facial, glosso, vagus
Spinal nerves: 2nd and 4th sacral
list the ganglion in which the following will synapse:
- oculomotor
- facial
- glosso
- vagus
- ciliary ganglion in orbit,OCULOMOTOR
- pterygopalatine ganglion,FACIAL
- submandibular ganglion- next to submandibular gland, ALSO FACIAL
- otic ganglia-below foramen ovale, GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
- thorax and abdomen ganglia for VAGUS.
Where do symp nerves arise/derived from?
thoracic and upper lumbar
list the ganglia in the neck region?
stellate/cervicothoracic,
middle cervical,
superior cervical ganglion
what is the termination point of sympathetic trunk proper?
superior cervical ganglion
how do the postgang symp fibres reach their targets in head and neck?
the lower two ganglia ; middle and cervicothoracic send branches which form plexuses on cervical bv e.g. thyroid artery
The superior does either:
- form plexuses on carotid arteries and their branches-which then go to cranial nerves in head
- send branches to join glossopharyngeal and vagus directly OR pass to plexuses in thorax
location of olfactory and optic nerve on floor of cranial cavity?
olfactory-on cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
optic-anterolateral to pituitary
which nerves pass thorough superior orbital fissure?
trochlear, oculomotor and abducens , also the ophthalmic division of trigeminal
location of trigeminal ganglion?
between meningeal and periosteal layers of dura, overlying posteromedial petrous temporal bone -trigeminal or Meckels cave
location of geniculate ganglion?
in petrous temporal bone anterosuperior to inner ear, i.e. facial canal
location of vestibulo ganglion?
spiral ganglion-within cochlea
vestibular ganglion-in internal acoustic meatus
location of glosso ganglion?
2 sensory ganglia within jugular foramen
location of vagus ganglia?
superior/jugular ganglion and inferior/nodose ganglion both below jugular foramen.
what nerve travels within carotid sheath?
vagus
what are the three branches of opthalamic division of trigeminal nerve?
from lateral to medial:
- lacrimal,
- frontal which branches to form supraorbital and supratrochlear,
- nasociliary- branches to form cilliary ganglion, long ciliary nerves, and ethmoid nerves + infratrochlear
what foramina do maxillary and mandibular nerves pass through from the trigeminal ganglion?
maxillary-foramen rotundum
mandibular-foramen ovale
list the branches of maxillary nerve after passing throught foramen rotundum?
connects to pterygopalatine ganglion of facial nerve via ganglion branches, then gives off the zygomatico-orbital nerve which itself goes through zygomatic foramen to branch into zygomatico temporal and zygomaticofacial nerves.
The next branch of maxillary nerve is posterior superior alveolar nerves that come off before going through inferior orbital fissure.
Then before infraorbital canal, it gives off the middle superior alveolar nerve and after canal gives off anterior alveolar and then ultimately infraorbital nerve.
list the divisions of mandibular nerve and their associate branches.
trunk: meningeal and nerve to medial pterygoid.
anterior division: branches to muscles of mastication named accordingly; masseter, lateral pterygoid, deep temporal, long buccal nerve.
Posterior division: mylohyoid nerve, inferior alveolar nerve which branches to give mental nerve, lingual nerve -chorda tympani from facial nerve joins lingual.
what type of innervation do the following branches of mandibular supply?
- nerve to medial pterygoid
- anterior division
- posterior division
- motor to medial pterygoid, tensor tympani and tensor palati
- all motor except long buccal nerve which is sensory. Rest: branches to muscles of mastication e.g. masseter, lateral pterygoid etc.
- sensory except mylohyoid nerve which is motor.
functions of lymph vessels?
- collection of tissue fluid and return into systemic circulation
- transport of lymphocytes and other cells.
spots where lymph is returned to venous system?
subclavian and internal jugular junction junction
lymph capillaries are —-permeable than blood capillaries.
more
do lymph vessels have valves?
yes
lymph nodes are — to— mm long, whereas lymph vessels are — to— mm in diameter.
1-25
2-5
thoracic passes through — lymph nodes.
none
function of lymph nodes
immunosurveillance of lymph
production of lymphocytes
thoracic duct is formed by confluence of —,—,—-.
2 lumbar trunks
1 gastrointestinal trunk
2 descending intercostal trunks
tributaries of thoracic duct in the neck
left subclavian lymph trunk
left jugular
left bronchomediastinal
thoracic duct —- valves.
have
the lymph from head and neck drains into —-.
jugular lymph trunk
list the superficial nodes of head.
occipital retroauricular parotid buccal (PROB)
list the deep nodes in the neck
where do they drain?
lingual-root of tongue
retropharyngeal-at level of atlas/C1
drain to upper deep cervical nodes
list the superficial nodes of neck AND their location relative to structures
-superficial cervical-over scm
-submandibular-between mandible and submandibular gland
-submental-overlie mylohyoid
anterior cervical-over thyroid,larynx,trachea
(SASS)
upper deep cervical nodes include ?
jugulodigastric and retropharyngeal nodes
lower deep cervical nodes include?
jugulo-omohyoid group
and supraclavicular/anterior scalene group (virchow’s node)
jugulodigastric nodes are bounded by?
posterior belly of digastric
internal jugular
facial vein
location of jugulo-omohyoid nodes?
overlying the intermediate tendon of omohyoid,
what do jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes drain?
tongue and tonsils
lymph from the oral cavity(floor and mandibular teeth and gingiva) drains into—- and —- nodes and ultimately into —.
submandibular and submental nodes
Into deep cervical nodes
lymph from oral cavity (hard and soft palate, maxillary teeth and gingiva) drains into —
retropharyngeal nodes.
lymph from tongue goes into —
a plexus of vessels only for tongue which drains into submental and subman or both upper and lower deep cervical.
what is the other name of virchow’s node
supraclavicular /anterior scalene nodes
jugular trunk — valves.
lack
types of tonsils and number?
1 pharyngeal-posterior wall of nasopharynx
1 lingual-posterior tongue
2 palatine-lateral oropharynx, between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
somatic efferent motor fibres terminate in —-, visceral efferent motor fibres go to —- and –.
MSK
SM and glands
pregang axons are —- fibres, whereas postgang axons are usually —-.
myelinated
unmyelinated
white communicating rami transmit fibres in a what direction?
pregang fibres to the symp trunk
grey from symp trunk
what does abducens innervate?
lateral rectus muscle of the eye
what does facial nerve innervate ?
motor to muscles of neck and facial expression + stapedius.
Sensory to external ear, taste (chorda tympani).
Parasymp to subman, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands.
what does glossopharyngeal accompany when exiting the skull?
stylopharyngeus muscle into pharynx between superior and middle constrictors.
what does glosso innervate?
motor-stylopharyngeus
sensory-posterior tongue (taste), pharynx, nose, palate, middle ear.
parasymp to parotid
vagus innervation?
motor-pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
parasymp-thoracic + abdominal organs
sensory-larynx, pharynx, viscera
spinal accessory passes through—-.
foramen magnum
what do each cranial and spinal roots of XI do after exiting skull?
cranial joins vagus.
spinal innervates scm and trapezius.
what does hypoglossal innervate?
motor to tongue, contributes to geniohyoid.
what foramina do the branches of nasociliary nerve pass through?
anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
