cranial nerves and lymphatics

Question 1

cranial nerves with parasymp division?

Answer 1

oculomotor, facial, glosso, vagus

Spinal nerves: 2nd and 4th sacral

Question 2

list the ganglion in which the following will synapse:

• oculomotor
• facial
• glosso
• vagus

Answer 2

• ciliary ganglion in orbit,OCULOMOTOR
• pterygopalatine ganglion,FACIAL
• submandibular ganglion- next to submandibular gland, ALSO FACIAL
• otic ganglia-below foramen ovale, GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
• thorax and abdomen ganglia for VAGUS.

Question 3

Where do symp nerves arise/derived from?

Answer 3

thoracic and upper lumbar

Question 4

list the ganglia in the neck region?

Answer 4

stellate/cervicothoracic,
middle cervical,
superior cervical ganglion

Question 5

what is the termination point of sympathetic trunk proper?

Answer 5

superior cervical ganglion

Question 6

how do the postgang symp fibres reach their targets in head and neck?

Answer 6

the lower two ganglia ; middle and cervicothoracic send branches which form plexuses on cervical bv e.g. thyroid artery

The superior does either:

1. form plexuses on carotid arteries and their branches-which then go to cranial nerves in head
2. send branches to join glossopharyngeal and vagus directly OR pass to plexuses in thorax

Question 7

location of olfactory and optic nerve on floor of cranial cavity?

Answer 7

olfactory-on cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

optic-anterolateral to pituitary

Question 8

which nerves pass thorough superior orbital fissure?

Answer 8

trochlear, oculomotor and abducens , also the ophthalmic division of trigeminal

Question 9

location of trigeminal ganglion?

Answer 9

between meningeal and periosteal layers of dura, overlying posteromedial petrous temporal bone -trigeminal or Meckels cave

Question 10

location of geniculate ganglion?

Answer 10

in petrous temporal bone anterosuperior to inner ear, i.e. facial canal

Question 11

location of vestibulo ganglion?

Answer 11

spiral ganglion-within cochlea

vestibular ganglion-in internal acoustic meatus

Question 12

location of glosso ganglion?

Answer 12

2 sensory ganglia within jugular foramen

Question 13

location of vagus ganglia?

Answer 13

superior/jugular ganglion and inferior/nodose ganglion both below jugular foramen.

Question 14

what nerve travels within carotid sheath?

Answer 14

vagus

Question 15

what are the three branches of opthalamic division of trigeminal nerve?

Answer 15

from lateral to medial:

1. lacrimal,
2. frontal which branches to form supraorbital and supratrochlear,
3. nasociliary- branches to form cilliary ganglion, long ciliary nerves, and ethmoid nerves + infratrochlear

Question 16

what foramina do maxillary and mandibular nerves pass through from the trigeminal ganglion?

Answer 16

maxillary-foramen rotundum

mandibular-foramen ovale

Question 17

list the branches of maxillary nerve after passing throught foramen rotundum?

Answer 17

connects to pterygopalatine ganglion of facial nerve via ganglion branches, then gives off the zygomatico-orbital nerve which itself goes through zygomatic foramen to branch into zygomatico temporal and zygomaticofacial nerves.
The next branch of maxillary nerve is posterior superior alveolar nerves that come off before going through inferior orbital fissure.
Then before infraorbital canal, it gives off the middle superior alveolar nerve and after canal gives off anterior alveolar and then ultimately infraorbital nerve.

Question 18

list the divisions of mandibular nerve and their associate branches.

Answer 18

trunk: meningeal and nerve to medial pterygoid.
anterior division: branches to muscles of mastication named accordingly; masseter, lateral pterygoid, deep temporal, long buccal nerve.
Posterior division: mylohyoid nerve, inferior alveolar nerve which branches to give mental nerve, lingual nerve -chorda tympani from facial nerve joins lingual.

Question 19

what type of innervation do the following branches of mandibular supply?

1. nerve to medial pterygoid
2. anterior division
3. posterior division

Answer 19

1. motor to medial pterygoid, tensor tympani and tensor palati
2. all motor except long buccal nerve which is sensory. Rest: branches to muscles of mastication e.g. masseter, lateral pterygoid etc.
3. sensory except mylohyoid nerve which is motor.

Question 20

functions of lymph vessels?

Answer 20

1. collection of tissue fluid and return into systemic circulation
2. transport of lymphocytes and other cells.

Question 21

spots where lymph is returned to venous system?

Answer 21

subclavian and internal jugular junction junction

Question 22

lymph capillaries are —-permeable than blood capillaries.

Answer 22

more

Question 23

do lymph vessels have valves?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

lymph nodes are — to— mm long, whereas lymph vessels are — to— mm in diameter.

Answer 24

1-25

2-5

Question 25

thoracic passes through --- lymph nodes.

Answer 25

none

Question 26

function of lymph nodes

Answer 26

immunosurveillance of lymph | production of lymphocytes

Question 27

thoracic duct is formed by confluence of ---,---,----.

Answer 27

2 lumbar trunks 1 gastrointestinal trunk 2 descending intercostal trunks

Question 28

tributaries of thoracic duct in the neck

Answer 28

left subclavian lymph trunk left jugular left bronchomediastinal

Question 29

thoracic duct ---- valves.

Answer 29

have

Question 30

the lymph from head and neck drains into ----.

Answer 30

jugular lymph trunk

Question 31

list the superficial nodes of head.

Answer 31

``` occipital retroauricular parotid buccal (PROB) ```

Question 32

list the deep nodes in the neck | where do they drain?

Answer 32

lingual-root of tongue retropharyngeal-at level of atlas/C1 drain to upper deep cervical nodes

Question 33

list the superficial nodes of neck AND their location relative to structures

Answer 33

-superficial cervical-over scm -submandibular-between mandible and submandibular gland -submental-overlie mylohyoid anterior cervical-over thyroid,larynx,trachea (SASS)

Question 34

upper deep cervical nodes include ?

Answer 34

jugulodigastric and retropharyngeal nodes

Question 35

lower deep cervical nodes include?

Answer 35

jugulo-omohyoid group | and supraclavicular/anterior scalene group (virchow's node)

Question 36

jugulodigastric nodes are bounded by?

Answer 36

posterior belly of digastric internal jugular facial vein

Question 37

location of jugulo-omohyoid nodes?

Answer 37

overlying the intermediate tendon of omohyoid,

Question 38

what do jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes drain?

Answer 38

tongue and tonsils

Question 39

lymph from the oral cavity(floor and mandibular teeth and gingiva) drains into---- and ---- nodes and ultimately into ---.

Answer 39

submandibular and submental nodes | Into deep cervical nodes

Question 40

lymph from oral cavity (hard and soft palate, maxillary teeth and gingiva) drains into ---

Answer 40

retropharyngeal nodes.

Question 41

lymph from tongue goes into ---

Answer 41

a plexus of vessels only for tongue which drains into submental and subman or both upper and lower deep cervical.

Question 42

what is the other name of virchow's node

Answer 42

supraclavicular /anterior scalene nodes

Question 43

jugular trunk --- valves.

Answer 43

lack

Question 44

types of tonsils and number?

Answer 44

1 pharyngeal-posterior wall of nasopharynx 1 lingual-posterior tongue 2 palatine-lateral oropharynx, between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Question 45

somatic efferent motor fibres terminate in ----, visceral efferent motor fibres go to ---- and --.

Answer 45

MSK | SM and glands

Question 46

pregang axons are ---- fibres, whereas postgang axons are usually ----.

Answer 46

myelinated | unmyelinated

Question 47

white communicating rami transmit fibres in a what direction?

Answer 47

pregang fibres to the symp trunk | grey from symp trunk

Question 48

what does abducens innervate?

Answer 48

lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Question 49

what does facial nerve innervate ?

Answer 49

motor to muscles of neck and facial expression + stapedius. Sensory to external ear, taste (chorda tympani). Parasymp to subman, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands.

Question 50

what does glossopharyngeal accompany when exiting the skull?

Answer 50

stylopharyngeus muscle into pharynx between superior and middle constrictors.

Question 51

what does glosso innervate?

Answer 51

motor-stylopharyngeus sensory-posterior tongue (taste), pharynx, nose, palate, middle ear. parasymp to parotid

Question 52

vagus innervation?

Answer 52

motor-pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles parasymp-thoracic + abdominal organs sensory-larynx, pharynx, viscera

Question 53

spinal accessory passes through----.

Answer 53

foramen magnum

Question 54

what do each cranial and spinal roots of XI do after exiting skull?

Answer 54

cranial joins vagus. | spinal innervates scm and trapezius.

Question 55

what does hypoglossal innervate?

Answer 55

motor to tongue, contributes to geniohyoid.

Question 56

what foramina do the branches of nasociliary nerve pass through?

Answer 56

anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina