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Molecular Biology > Vesicular Trafficking II > Flashcards

Vesicular Trafficking II Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of Acid Hydrolases found within a lysosome?

A

nucleases, proteases, glycosidases, lipases, phosphotases

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2
Q

What is the pH of Acid Hydrolases?

A

pH of around 5.0

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3
Q

Lysosomes require an ___ environment and ___ cleavage for optimal activation

A

acid; proteolytic

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4
Q

True or False?

Vacuolar ATPase pumps H+ into lysosomes to maintain the acidic pH and to drive transport of small metabolites

A

true

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5
Q

What are some of the multiple pathways used to deliver materials to lysosomes?

A

phagocytosis - phagosome - lysosome

endocytosis - early endosome - late endosome - lysosome

macropinocytosis - late endosome - lysosome

endocytosis/macropinocytosis - autophagy - autophagosome - lysosome

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6
Q

In regards to sorting of lysosomal proteins, lysosomal hydrolases have mannose-6-phosphate attached to them in the what?

A

CGN

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7
Q

In regards to sorting of lysosomal proteins, M6P receptors in TGN recognize what?

A

the sugar on the lysosomal protein

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8
Q

In regards to sorting of lysosomal proteins, clathrin-coated vesicles that bud from the TGN are delivered into ___ and then to ___

A

endosomes; lysosomes

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9
Q

What causes Hurler’s Disease, a type of lysosomal storage disease?

A

mutation in the enzyme required to break down glycosaminoglycan chains

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10
Q

What causes Inclusion Cell disease, a type of lysosomal storage disease?

A

all of the lysosomal hydrolyses are missing in fibroblasts

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11
Q

When there is a defective or missing GIcNAc phosphotransferase (an enzyme that adds M6P to lysosomal hydrolyses, what happens?

A

the enzymes are not phosphorylated and hence not sorted into vesicles and not delivered into lysosomes, they are instead secreted into blood

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12
Q

True or False?

An example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is cholesterol uptake

A

true

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13
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis provides what type of mechanism?

A

selective concentration mechanism

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14
Q

How does endocytosis of cholesterol work?

A

endocytosis of clathrin coated vesicle containing LDL molecule and LDL receptor. Uncoating of the vesicle leads to fusion with an endosome (early endosome). Part of endosome with LDL receptor buds off and is transported back to plasma membrane. The other part of the endosome (late endosome) containing the LDL molecule is taken to a lysosome where it is broken down to free cholesterol

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15
Q

What is the role of the clathrin-coated pit in cholesterol uptake?

A

to accumulate LDL receptors

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16
Q

Pinocytosis or cell drinking is a ___ process that occurs continuously in all eukaryotic cells.

A

consitutive

17
Q

The process of Pinocytosis occurs where?

A

clathrin coated pits

18
Q

In regards to pinocytosis thorugh clathrin coated pits, the membrane invaginated and pinches off to form calthrin coated vesicle. This vesicle contains ___ fluid with various solutes trapped in pits as they invaginate

A

extracellular

19
Q

Flask shaped invaginations are called what?

A

caveolae

20
Q

What are caveolae enriched in?

A

cholesterol and glycosphingolypids and GPI-anchored membrane proteins

21
Q

What is the major structural protein of Caveolae?

A

caveolin

22
Q

How does pinocytosis through caveolae work?

A

caveolae invaginate into membrane by virtue of lipid composition and not the protein coat, they then pinch off from PM by dynamic and form a caveosome

23
Q

Do caveolae connect with lysosomes?

A

no

24
Q

Transport vesicle move from TGN to plasma membrane. The fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane is called what?

A

exocytsosis

25
Q

This secretory pathway of exocytosis operates continously

A

constitutive pathway

26
Q

This secretory pathway of exocytosis is triggered by signals (hormones or NTs)

A

regulated pathway

27
Q

In terms of protein sorting in the TGN. There are 3 patwhays a protein can go.. What are they?

A

Signal mediated to lysosome

Constitutive to PM

Signal mediated to secretory vesicles and then to PM for regulated secretion

Molecular Biology (17 decks)

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