Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Molecular Biology > Theisen and Costa Review > Flashcards

Theisen and Costa Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Primary cell cultures divide only a limited number of times before losing their ability to proliferate. What is this called?

A

senescence

note: these cell lines are known as finite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are primary cells derived from? How are they cultured?

A

animal tissue; cultured either as tissue explants or single cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do primary cells start as a heterogenous or homogenous population?

A

heterogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These type of cells are characterized by spontaneous genetic mutation or by transformation vectors and have an infinite life span, are easy to grow and preserve

A

immortal cells

ex: HeLA cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Artificial expression of this key protein that prevents degradation of chromosome ends during replication is found in immortal cells

A

telomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cell type and where do the following cell lines come from:

L6 
PC12
SP2
R1
H1, H9
A 
L6: myoblast - rat
PC12: chromaffin cell - rat
SP2: plasma cell
R1: embyronic stem cell-human
H1, H9: embryonic stem cell - human
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SDS is largely ___ with a single ___ charge

A

hydrophobic; negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does SDS do?

A

unfolds proteins and allows for all proteins to migrate towards positive charge in an SDS - PAGE gel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps of western blotting?

A
  1. resolve protein samples on native PAGE
  2. elcetrophoreticlally transfer fractionated proteins from gel onto PVDF membrane
  3. Block the membrane with neutral protein
  4. incubate the membrane with HRP-labeled antibody specific to prey protein
  5. incubate the blot with chemiluminescent HRP substrate and expose to film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This detection method is very sensitive because the primary antibody is itself recognized by many molecules of the secondary antibody. The secondary antibody is covalently coupled to a marker molecule that makes it readily detectable.

A

indirect immuno-cytochemsitry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mass spec used for?

A

identify unknown proteins and post-translational modifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does mass spec require?

A

tryptic digestion products (peptide fragments), ionization (charge) a detection method (time of flight) and computer databases with known protein sizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between standard mass spec and tandem mass spec?

A

in standard mass spec the ion source goes straight into the mass analyzer before detection

in tandem mass spec there is a mass filter and then fragmentation and then the mass analyzer before detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In regards to analyzing interacting proteins, immunoprecipitation can do two things; what are they?

A

can isolate one protein from a mixture of many proteins

can find “co_IP” partners to identify protein complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteins can be detected and quantitated by ELISA, the presence of the colored product indicates what?

A

presence of the antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which ELISA is used for the HIV test?

A

Indirect ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In regards to analyzing DNA, what is the difference between an agarose gel from an SDS-PAGE?

A

the DNA is already charged

18
Q

Why is a plasmid circular?

A

because bacterial genome is circular so it will recognize itself

19
Q

What are cloning vectors used for?

A

transforming bacteria; carry and replicate manipulated gene products

20
Q

What are cDNA clones?

A

DNA copy of mRNA: no introns, much smaller than original gene, and requires reverse transcriptase

21
Q

What is the difference between genomic library and cDNA library?

A

genes vs gene products

22
Q

What is FISH and what is it used for?

A

RNA probes; can be used to analyze the presence and location of genes (cytogenetics)

23
Q

What is the series of events that take place in pcr?

A

heat strands to denature,

cool to anneal primers, DNA synthesis; cycles over and over again

24
Q

What is CSI and what is it used for?

A

similar to pcr, utilizes naturally occurring short tandem repeats (STR); used in forensics

25
Q

When is real time pcr used?

A

gene expression analysis, (cancer research and drug research) disease diagnosis and management, food testing, animal and plant breeding

26
Q

What is the graphic output from automated sequencing called?

A

a chromatogram

27
Q

whole genome sequencing, exome sequencing, and targeted sequencing are all applications of what?

A

NGS

28
Q

these are hundreds to thousands of different DNA sequences spotted onto glass microscope slide

A

DNA microarrays

29
Q

What are DNA microarrays (gene chips) used for?

A

comparing base-pairing of two different sets of expressed gene sequences to the the template DNA microarray

30
Q

In regards to resolving power, what things can be seen in a electron microscope? a light microscope? naked eye?

A

electron microscope: everything

light microscope: virus ribosome, bacterium animal cell, plant cell frog egg

naked eye: frog egg

31
Q

Bright field is a type of light microscopy, how does it work?

A

light is transmitted through specimen

32
Q

Phase contrast is a type of light microscopy, how does it work?

A

alterations in light transmitted as changes in brightness

33
Q

How does sectioning tissue work?

A

very thin slices taken form embedded or frozen tissue

34
Q

In regards to hematoxylin and eosin tissue staining, what is one tissue that is stained?

A

plant root

35
Q

excitation and emission of wavelengths differ in ___ microscopy

A

fluorescence

36
Q

In regards to fluorescence microscopy, there is more energy (excitement) at the lower or higher wavelengths?

A

lower; energy highest at violet, decreases to red

37
Q

For each color, what is the associated wavelength?

A

Red: 660

orange: 620
yellow: 580
green: 540
blue: 480
violet: 420

38
Q

What is the difference between decovolution and confocal imaging?

A

decovolution: removes light above and below focal plane of interest, mathematical analysis
confocal: focuses light only on the plane of interest, physical illumination

39
Q

This shoots electron beams through magnetic coils

A

electron microscopy

40
Q

What is the immunogold technique of electron microscopy?

A

antibody conjugated to a gold particle

41
Q

What is siRNA and how is it involved in gene silencing?

A

small interfering RNA, is an intermediate in the RNA interference pathway; it occurs naturally in the cytoplasm or may be synthesized externally and introduced to the cell

42
Q

This type of RNA is also involved in gene silencing and is the most widely used form of ddRNAi. It is produced inside the target cell from a DNA construct that has been delivered to the nucleus

A

shRNA (Short hairpin RNA)

Molecular Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions