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Neurology IMC > Vertigo > Flashcards

Vertigo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of vertigo?

A

A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often described as a feeling that either the person or their surroundings are moving.

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2
Q

True or False: Vertigo is a diagnosis.

A

False: Vertigo is a symptom, not a diagnosis.

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3
Q

Name two common peripheral causes of vertigo.

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and Meniere’s disease.

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4
Q

What is the primary mechanism involved in BPPV?

A

Displacement of otoliths in the semicircular canals.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Meniere’s disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and __________.

A

aural fullness.

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve is primarily involved in the vestibular system?

A

Cranial nerve VIII (the vestibulocochlear nerve).

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7
Q

What is the most common age group affected by vestibular migraine?

A

Adults aged 30 to 50 years.

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8
Q

True or False: Central vertigo is always less severe than peripheral vertigo.

A

False: Central vertigo can be more severe and may indicate serious conditions.

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9
Q

What is the role of the Epley maneuver?

A

To reposition displaced otoliths in BPPV.

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10
Q

Name a common medication used to treat acute vertigo.

A

Meclizine.

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11
Q

What condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting minutes to hours, often with unilateral hearing loss?

A

Meniere’s disease.

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12
Q

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate vestibular function?

A

Videonystagmography (VNG).

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13
Q

True or False: Acoustic neuroma can cause vertigo.

A

True.

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14
Q

What is the primary symptom of vestibular neuritis?

A

Sudden onset of severe vertigo, often with nausea. Loss of balance! Present vertigo and falls. Upper respiratory infection or herpes zoster.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a rare but serious cause of vertigo that involves a brainstem stroke.

A

Wallenberg syndrome.

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16
Q

What is the main difference between vertigo and dizziness?

A

Vertigo specifically refers to a spinning sensation, while dizziness can refer to a general feeling of unsteadiness.

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17
Q

Name one lifestyle modification that can help manage Meniere’s disease.

A

Reducing salt intake.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of using a tilt table test?

A

To assess the cause of syncope and evaluate autonomic function.

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19
Q

True or False: All patients with vertigo require imaging studies.

A

False: Imaging is not always necessary; it depends on clinical findings.

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20
Q

What is the typical duration of episodes in BPPV?

A

Seconds to minutes.

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21
Q

What are the common triggers for vestibular migraine?

A

Stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a hereditary condition that can cause episodic vertigo and hearing loss.

A

Familial vestibular syndrome.

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23
Q

What is the significance of the head impulse test?

A

To assess the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

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24
Q

Name a common vestibular rehabilitation technique.

A

Habituation exercises.

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25
Q

True or False: Vertigo can only be caused by inner ear disorders.

A

False: It can also be caused by central nervous system disorders.

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26
Q

Vestibular Neuronitis - Describe

A
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27
Q

Caloric test (vestibuocular reflex test) mnemonic

A

Cows
Cold water: fast Face Of nistagmos To The Opposite Side From The cold water filled ear.
Warm Water: Fast Face Of nistagmus To The Same Side As The World Water filled ear.
Positive if intact brain stem

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28
Q

Name syndromes that can cause ACUTE onset vertigo tinnitus and hearing loss

A

Labyrinthitis (also nausea and vomiting, upper respiratory tract infection)
Meinere’s disease (pt also complain from ear fullness - excess endolymph in labyrinth)
Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg Syndrome or PICA syndrome

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29
Q

Vértigo Horner SND Nys on the right side after popping sound (sudden onset of tinnitus) indicates?

A

Central cause

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30
Q

Vértigo Horner SND Nys on the right side after popping sound (sudden onset of tinnitus) + contralateral (left sided sensory impairment indicates?

A

Vertebrobasilar arterial system insufficiency.
Ausente of visual problems —- PICA
(No cortical - aphasia and cognitive -)

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31
Q

Presenting symptoms of acoustic neuroma.

A

Progressive!!!! Unilateral neurosensory hearing loss
Headache
Facial numbness
80% of cerebellopontine angle

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32
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A

Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing.

33
Q

Which symptoms are commonly associated with Meniere’s disease? (Choose all that apply)

A

Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

34
Q

True or False: Meniere’s disease can only affect one ear.

A

False

35
Q

Fill in the blank: Meniere’s disease is characterized by episodes of __________.

A

vertigo

36
Q

What is the typical age range for the onset of Meniere’s disease?

A

It typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 50.

37
Q

Which fluid accumulation is believed to be a key factor in Meniere’s disease?

A

Endolymph

38
Q

What is the main goal of treating Meniere’s disease?

A

To manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of episodes.

39
Q

True or False: There is a definitive cure for Meniere’s disease.

A

False

40
Q

Name one common treatment option for Meniere’s disease.

A

Diuretics, dietary changes, or vestibular rehabilitation.

41
Q

What diagnostic test is often used to assess hearing in patients suspected of having Meniere’s disease?

A

Audiometry

42
Q

What is the definition of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?

A

BPPV is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position.

43
Q

True or False: BPPV is a life-threatening condition.

A

False: BPPV is not life-threatening but can significantly impact quality of life.

44
Q

What are the common symptoms of BPPV?

A

Common symptoms include brief episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and a sense of spinning, especially when changing head positions.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: BPPV is caused by dislodged __________ in the inner ear.

A

otoliths

46
Q

Which diagnostic maneuver is commonly used to confirm BPPV?

A

The Dix-Hallpike maneuver.

47
Q

What is the primary treatment method for BPPV?

A

The Epley maneuver is the primary treatment method.

48
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for BPPV? A) Age B) Head trauma C) High blood pressure

A

C) High blood pressure

49
Q

True or False: BPPV can affect both ears.

A

True: BPPV can occur in one or both ears.

50
Q

What is the recurrence rate of BPPV after initial treatment?

A

The recurrence rate of BPPV can be as high as 50% within five years.

51
Q

What is the role of vestibular rehabilitation in managing BPPV?

A

Vestibular rehabilitation may help improve balance and reduce dizziness, but it is not the primary treatment for BPPV.

52
Q

What is labyrinthitis?

A

Labyrinthitis is an inner ear disorder characterized by inflammation of the labyrinth, which can affect balance and hearing.

53
Q

True or False: Labyrinthitis can be caused by viral infections.

A

True

54
Q

What are two common symptoms of labyrinthitis?

A

Dizziness and hearing loss.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: Labyrinthitis often follows __________ infections.

A

upper respiratory

56
Q

Which part of the ear is primarily affected by labyrinthitis?

A

The inner ear.

57
Q

What is a potential complication of untreated labyrinthitis?

A

Permanent hearing loss.

58
Q

True or False: Labyrinthitis can only be caused by bacterial infections.

A

False

59
Q

What diagnostic test is commonly used to assess labyrinthitis?

A

Audiometry.

60
Q

Which type of healthcare professional typically diagnoses labyrinthitis?

A

Otolaryngologist (ENT specialist).

61
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of labyrinthitis? A) Tinnitus B) Nausea C) Fever D) Skin rash

A

D) Skin rash

62
Q

What treatment options are available for labyrinthitis?

A

Medications for symptoms, vestibular rehabilitation, and in some cases, antibiotics.

63
Q

True or False: Labyrinthitis is always a chronic condition.

A

False

64
Q

What is the primary function of the labyrinth in the ear?

A

To help maintain balance and spatial orientation.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: Labyrinthitis may lead to _________ if not treated properly.

A

complications

66
Q

What is the typical duration of symptoms in acute labyrinthitis?

A

Symptoms usually last several days to weeks.

67
Q

True or False: Vertigo is a common symptom of labyrinthitis.

A

True

68
Q

What role do corticosteroids play in the treatment of labyrinthitis?

A

They may reduce inflammation.

69
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following can be a cause of labyrinthitis? A) Allergies B) Viral infections C) High blood pressure D) None of the above

A

B) Viral infections

70
Q

What is the difference between labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis?

A

Labyrinthitis involves both hearing and balance issues, while vestibular neuritis primarily affects balance.

71
Q

True or False: Labyrinthitis can occur after a head injury.

A

True

72
Q

What symptom might indicate a more serious condition associated with labyrinthitis?

A

Severe headache.

73
Q

Fill in the blank: The inflammation in labyrinthitis can lead to __________ of the inner ear structures.

A

swelling

74
Q

What is the recommended first step in managing labyrinthitis symptoms?

A

Rest and hydration.

75
Q

True or False: Labyrinthitis can affect both children and adults.

A

True

76
Q

What is the primary cause of labyrinthitis in adults?

A

Most commonly viral infections, such as those causing colds or flu.

77
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a symptom of labyrinthitis? A) Hearing loss B) Skin irritation C) Joint pain D) Fatigue

A

A) Hearing loss

78
Q

Hearing loss tinnitus and vertigo. What indication to evaluate the condition?
Evaluation of hearing loss in adults

A

Pure tone Audiometry

Neurology IMC (9 decks)

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