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Neurology IMC > Parkinson > Flashcards

Parkinson Flashcards

1
Q

What symptom if present is in favor por Parkinson disease rather than drug induced parkinsonism?

A

Tremors at rest

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2
Q

Main drugs that cause Dip?

A

1.Atypical antipsychotics ( phenothiazines ex chlorpromazine)
2.Haloperidol
others: Metoclopramide, cc bloquers, atypical antipsy, antiepileptic drugs.

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

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5
Q

True or False: Parkinson’s disease primarily affects the peripheral nervous system.

A

False: It primarily affects the central nervous system.

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6
Q

What is the primary pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease?

A

The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The major neurotransmitter affected in Parkinson’s disease is ______.

A

Dopamine.

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8
Q

What are the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.

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9
Q

Which age group is most commonly affected by Parkinson’s disease?

A

Individuals over the age of 60.

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10
Q

What is the role of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease?

A

They are abnormal aggregates of protein that are found in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s.

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11
Q

True or False: Parkinson’s disease can be diagnosed with a definitive laboratory test.

A

False: Diagnosis is primarily clinical based on symptoms and medical history.

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12
Q

What is the first-line treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Levodopa (L-DOPA) combined with carbidopa.

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13
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease? a) Depression b) Constipation c) Hyperactivity d) Sleep disturbances

A

c) Hyperactivity.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s disease treatment?

A

They stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The ‘on-off’ phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease refers to ______.

A

Fluctuations in motor function during treatment.

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16
Q

What is the role of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease management?

A

It is a surgical treatment that can help alleviate motor symptoms in advanced cases.

17
Q

True or False: Parkinson’s disease is a hereditary condition.

A

False: While genetics can play a role, most cases are sporadic.

18
Q

What is the name of the scale commonly used to assess the severity of Parkinson’s disease?

A

The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

19
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following therapies is NOT typically used in Parkinson’s disease? a) Physical therapy b) Occupational therapy c) Chemotherapy d) Speech therapy

A

c) Chemotherapy.

20
Q

What is the effect of anticholinergic medications in Parkinson’s disease?

A

They help reduce tremors and muscle rigidity.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘bradykinesia’ refers to ______.

A

Slowness of movement.

22
Q

What are some common psychiatric manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Depression, anxiety, and hallucinations.

23
Q

True or False: Parkinson’s disease can lead to cognitive decline.

A

True: It can lead to dementia in some patients.

24
Q

What role does genetic testing play in Parkinson’s disease?

A

It can identify mutations associated with familial forms of the disease.

25
Q

What lifestyle modification can help manage symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Regular exercise and physical activity.

26
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term levodopa treatment? a) Dyskinesia b) Weight gain c) Increased energy d) Insomnia

A

a) Dyskinesia.

27
Q

What is the importance of multidisciplinary care in managing Parkinson’s disease?

A

It addresses the complex physical, cognitive, and emotional needs of patients.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: Parkinson’s disease is classified as a ______ disorder.

A

Movement.

29
Q

What is the average age of onset for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Around 60 years old.

30
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease.

31
Q

Name three reversible causes of dementia-like symptoms.

A

Reversible causes include hypothyroidism, vitamin B12 deficiency, and normal pressure hydrocephalus.

32
Q

What is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) used for?

A

The MMSE is used to screen for cognitive impairment and to monitor progression in conditions like dementia.

Neurology IMC (9 decks)

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