Vertical column, thoracic cage, and trunk wall

Question 1

vertebral column

Answer 1

composed of 26 bones divided into regions

Question 2

cervical

Answer 2

7

Question 3

thoracic

Answer 3

12

Question 4

lumbar

Answer 4

5

Question 5

two inferior bones are fusions of several vertebrae

Answer 5

sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae
coccyx: 3-5 fused vertebrae

Question 6

spinal curvatures

Answer 6

primary curvatures
secondary curvatures

Question 7

primary curvatures

Answer 7

thoracic
sacral
(born with them)- fetal position

Question 8

secondary curvatures

Answer 8

cervical
lumbar
(develops in first 2 years of life)

Question 9

scoliosis

Answer 9

abnormal curvature away from midline

Question 10

kyphosis
lordosis

Answer 10

excessive curvature

Question 11

spinous process and transverse process

Answer 11

attachment sites

Question 12

superior and inferior articular facets and processes

Answer 12

articulate with each other

Question 13

atlas

Answer 13

C1- has deep superior articular facets (Holds head) that articulate with the occipital condyles (base of the skull) of the occipital bone
shake head yes

Question 14

Axis

Answer 14

C2- Has a dens, which acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and the skull
Shake head no

Question 15

sacrum

Answer 15

superior articular process
ventral (anterior) foramina
dorsal (posterior) foramina

Question 16

superior articular process

Answer 16

articulates with L5

Question 17

ventral (anterior) foramina

Answer 17

ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves

Question 18

dorsal (posterior) foramina

Answer 18

dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves

Question 19

anterior and posterior sacral foramina

Answer 19

allows nerve to exit sacrum

Question 20

ligaments of the vertebral column

Answer 20

anterior longitudinal
posterior longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous

Question 21

vertebral bodies separated by intervertebral discs with

Answer 21

outer annulus fibrosus
inner nucleus pulposus

Question 22

erector spinae muscles

Answer 22

helps maintain posture
bilateral: extension of the vertebral column
unilateral (not spinalis) lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 23

three groups of erector spinae muscles

Answer 23

iliocostalis (furthest from sagittal line)
longissimus
spinalis (sagittal/midline)

Question 24

thoracic cage

Answer 24

bony frame composed of thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, ribs laterally, sternum and costal cartilage anteriorly

Question 25

thoracic cage protects

Answer 25

heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and other thoracic organs

Question 26

sternum

Answer 26

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 27

manubrium (sternum)

Answer 27

superior
suprasternal (jugular) notch
clavicular notches (articulates with collarbone)

Question 28

body (sternum)

Answer 28

middle
costal articulations

Question 29

xiphoid process

Answer 29

inferior
ossifies around age 40
can be fractured/ dislocated (CPR)

Question 30

Ribs

Answer 30

hyaline costal cartilage
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

Question 31

true ribs

Answer 31

ribs 1-7
direct articulation with the sternum via costal cartilages

Question 32

false ribs

Answer 32

ribs 8-12
ribs 8-10 have an indirect sternal articulation

Question 33

floating ribs

Answer 33

ribs 11-12
do not articulate with the sternum

Question 34

rib articulation with thoracic vertebrae

Answer 34

2 demifacets on bodies of two adjacent vertebrae
transverse process of inferior vertebrae articulates with the angle of the rib

Question 35

rib 9 connected to

Answer 35

superior demifacet of T9
inferior demifacet of T8

Question 36

intercostal nerves

Answer 36

in spaces between ribs
anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11

Question 37

intercostal nerves and dermatomes

Answer 37

T1: part of the brachial plexus
T3-T6: innervate the intercostal muscles that are sensory for the anterior chest wall
T7-T12: innervate the intercostal muscles, the abdominal muscles and the overlying skin

Question 38

muscles of the abdominal wall

Answer 38

external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis

Question 39

external oblique

Answer 39

superficial lateral muscles

Question 40

internal oblique

Answer 40

middle lateral muscle (perpendicular to external oblique)

Question 41

transverse abdominis

Answer 41

deep lateral muscle
directed horizontally

Question 42

rectus abdominis

Answer 42

anterior muscle connecting sternum to public bone
action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall
attachments: superior pubis to xiphoid process and ribs middle ribs

Question 43

external oblique

Answer 43

unilateral action: lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
bilateral action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall

Question 44

transverse abdominus

Answer 44

compresses abdominal wall

Question 45

inguinal ligament

Answer 45

thick, under-turned inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis
-ASIS to pubic tubercle
-Helps to hold structures passing from the trunk to the lower limb against the body in hip flexion

Question 46

inguinal canals

Answer 46

creates a weakness in the abdominal wall
- oblique passageway parallel and superomedial to the inguinal ligament

Question 47

deep inguinal ring

Answer 47

canal entrance

Question 48

superficial inguinal ring

Answer 48

canal exit
-superolateral to pubic tubercle
-gap in external oblique aponeurosis