respiratory system

Question 1

respiratory system development

Answer 1

early week 4: respiratory system begins developing
late week 4: primary bronchi begin forming
week 6-16: branching of bronchi and bronchioles
week 16-26: bronchioles continue developing and surfactant (respiration only possible after this period)
week 26-birth: alveoli form, epithelium thins
- Birth: 50 million alveoli
-young healthy adult: 400 million alveoli

Question 2

surfactant

Answer 2

reduces surface tension

Question 3

respiratory system functioning

Answer 3

breathing (ventilation)
provide area for gas
exchange between air and blood (CO2, O2)
gas conditioning
sound production/ verbal communication
olfaction
defense

Question 4

respiratory epithelium

Answer 4

pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells
stratified squamous cells
- in pharynx
mucus-producing cells
- in nasal cavity
-lower respiratory tract

Question 5

respiratory system divisons

Answer 5

anatomical and functional divisions

Question 6

anatomical divisions

Answer 6

upper respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract

Question 7

functional divisions

Answer 7

conducting portion
respiratory portion

Question 8

conducting portion

Answer 8

function: conditions the air-> filters, warm and cleans the air

Question 9

conducting portion involves

Answer 9

nose and nasal cavities
paranasal sinuses
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

Question 10

respiratory portion

Answer 10

site of gas exchange in the lungs (includes structures that alveoli)
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
highly vascularized

Question 11

size of bronchioles

Answer 11

terminal bronchioles> Respiratory bronchioles> alveolar ducts> alveolar sacs

Question 12

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 12

gas exchange occurs when smooth muscle is absent

Question 13

alveoli: respiratory membrane

Answer 13

when respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) diffuses between the blood and the air

Question 14

alveolar type I cells

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 15

respiratory membrane composed of

Answer 15

plasma membrane of the type I alveolar cell
Plasma membrane of the capillary cell
fused basement membrane of both cells

Question 16

alveoli type II cells

Answer 16

cuboidal epithelial cells, produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant

Question 17

alveolar macrophages

Answer 17

remove the tiniest inhale particles that makes it way into the alveoli
migrate from inner surface of alveoli into bronchi, cilia moves them to pharynx

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

flexible semi-rigid tube connecting larynx to the bronchi
supported by C-shaped tracheal (hyaline) cartilages
lined with respiratory epithelium

Question 19

carina (trachea)

Answer 19

midline cartilangious ridge that separates the lumens of primary bronchi

Question 20

trachealis muscle (Trachea)

Answer 20

smooth muscle that connects tracheal cartilage ends posteriorly
contracts help move mucus out of system