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My University Cards > vertebrates Field Id Signs > Flashcards

vertebrates Field Id Signs Flashcards

1
Q

7 things to note about droppings

A

Location, number of droppings, size, colour, shape, contents, smell

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2
Q

What droppings do insectivores have?

A

Pellet/ sausage shaped, tendency to crumble as made up of insect remains, dry

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3
Q

What droppings do herbivores have?

A

Spherical or pellet shaped, uniform in consistency, dropped in clusters

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4
Q

What droppings do carnivores have

A

Large singular droppings sausage shaped smelly contain fur and bones

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5
Q

What is otter poo like

A

Smells of jasmine, will contain fish and crustacean shells, left under bridges or at junctions, called sprints

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6
Q

What are badger droppings like

A

Left in dung pits called latrines, can smell fouls, can be large and sloppy or shapeless, bits of fur or bone in, if eating blackberries will turn reddish and have seeds in it

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7
Q

What do bank vole hazel nuts look like

A

Chiselled tooth marks on inner edge, no marks on she’ll

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8
Q

What do wood mice tooth marks look like

A

Tooth marks on surface of edge AND inner edge of hole

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9
Q

What do dormouse hazel nuts look like

A

Inner edge is smooth, pattern of marks on surface at edge of opening

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10
Q

What do squirrel hazel nuts look like

A

Split apart through the nut

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11
Q

What do squirrel pine cones look like

A

Stripped to the core like sweet corn on the cob, flakes scattered over the ground

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12
Q

What to note about animal tracks 4 things

A

Location and habitat
Size
Number of toes
Webbing and claws

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13
Q

How many toes do insectivores have

A

Shrews etc, 5 toes front and rear

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14
Q

How many toes do rodents have

A

Mice rats voles, 4 toes on the front, 5 on the rear

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15
Q

How many toes do foxes dogs and cats have

A

4 toes front and rear, fox track is narrower and dogs track is broader

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16
Q

How many toes do mustelids have

A

5 toes front and rear

17
Q

What are ungulates

A

Deer, hoofed mammals

18
Q

How do you define deer tracks

A

Hooves are actually toes, most species show two slots and roe deer may also show dew claws

19
Q

Why do mammals dig small holes?

A

To bury food or find food e.g. Squirrels, badgers, foxes

20
Q

What lives in a drey

A

Squirrels

21
Q

What lives in a scrape or form

A

Hare

22
Q

What lives in a hoot, couch, hover

A

Otter

23
Q

What lives in. Fortress

A

Mole

24
Q

What is some indirect evidence of rabbits

A

Droppings, will use badger and fox sets,

25
Q

Indirect evidence of a hole being a badger set?

A

Hay or bedding around entrance, multiple holes usually, much earth, usually woodland, prints or hair found nearby and well worn paths leading to feeding grounds or latrines

26
Q

How big are harvest mouse nests

A

Tennis ball sized, found in stiff long grass, made of shredded grass and leaves

27
Q

How to survey for mammals?

A

Transacts of a minimum of 10 to 20 traps spaced 10-20m apart, provides evidence of which species are present in a habitat.

28
Q

What are small mammals surveys good for?

A

Establishing presence of a species, studying movement along a linear feature such as a hedgerow

Not good for establishing population densities or knowing for certain if an animal lives in the area or is just passing through

29
Q

What are trap grid small mammal surveys good for

A

Population range and movement studies,

30
Q

What is the recommended time period for small mammal trapping

A

Minimum of 3 days and nights are used in each trapping period.

Trap sessions in spring summer or Autumn can be used to demonstrate population variance throughout the year

31
Q

How do you work out trapping intensity

A

Traps x nights

32
Q

What do you put in traps to feed shrews

A

Casters

33
Q

What is the minimum temperature for long worth trapping

A

5 c

34
Q

5 examples of indirect field signs

A

Droppings/latrines/scent marking

Feeding signs or food remains

Tracks and trails

Diggings

Homes/nests/burrows

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