Vertebrates and Non-Vertebrates Flashcards
taxonomy
the ordered and naming of organisms
what is the 2-part scientific name of an organism
binomial nomenclature
what are the taxonomic groups from broad to narrow
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
aka dash killed people cause of fascinating glue and sticks
what are the 6 kingdom system of classification
animalia, plantae, fungi, prosista, eubacteria, archaebacteria
what are the three different types of domain
- bacteria
- eukarya
- archaea
what type of domain does archaebacteria belong in
archaea
what type of domain does eubacteria belong in
bacteria
what type of domain does animalia, protista, fungi, and plantea belong in
eukarya
what does animalia break up into
chordate -> invertebrates and vertebrates
to be a member of the chordate phylum an animal must have these 4 things…
- notochord
- nerve cord
- slits or clefts
- tail
what is a notochord
like a spinal disk; provides skeletal support and is located in the back
what are the two parts to a disk
outer annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposes
what is the nerve cord
- in vertebrates the cord is the spinal cord
most vertebrates have a _______ or a backbone
vertebral column
the backbone is made of individual segments called what
vertebrae
what are the slits or clefts
a series of pouches separated by grooves
in some chordates the grooves develop into slits which are called what
pharyngeal slits
the invertebrates break up into which two smaller groups
tunicates and lancelets
adult tunicates look more like what
sacs
what do adult tunicates not have
a notochord; nerve chord; or a tail
what happens to tunicates slits
they mature extremely fast within hours
what do nerves turn into
nueronet
what color are tunicates blood
pale green
tunicates are also known as what bc they can shoot a jet of water through the siphon
sea squirts
do lancelets have all 4 characteristics
yes
what type of feeders are tunics and lancelets
filter feeders
who dont have a true heart
lancelets
the first vertebrates to evolve were fish called what
ostracoderms
what time period did the ostracoderms appear in
the Cambrian Period
when did the ostracoderms become extinct
at the end of the Devonian Period
ostracoderms were what
jawless invertebrate fish
what were anomalocaris
the largest ostracoderm at 3 ft.
what happened during the Silurian Period
- development of scales and sharp, spiny fins
- jaws hold teeth and jaw muscles began to appear
what were the first bony fish
osteichthyans
when did the osteichthyans evolve
at the end of silurian period
what are lampreys
- lots of teeth
- jawless
what is pheromone
chemical give off by male or female to attract other gender
what are hagfish
- jawless
- no true eyes
- makes knot in stomach in order to eat
- mucus can suffocate fish and it is a protein
during what period were the fish most abundant
Devonian Period
what is another name for the Devonian Period
the Age of Fish
when did fish develop fins
the devonian period
what is a bony part inside of the fin that turns into legs
girdles
why do mudskippers have to replenish oxygen to eggs
for cellular respiration
what fish jumps to attract mates
mudskipper
true or false: fish swallow things whole and they don’t chew
true
what are the three main groups of fish
carlangeous
true bone
jawless
what are the carlangeous fishes
sharks and rays and they have evolved a skeleton made of strong cartilage
what are the true bone fish
- bony fish called lobe-finned
- have fleshy fins from which the limbs of chordates would evolve
what are jawless fish
- do not have true teeth or jaws
- hagfish and lampreys
what are the 3 layers fish need to have in order to have true teeth
- enamal
- dentin
- cementum
what are the 6 modes of feeding in fishes
- herbivores - eat plants
- carnivores - eat meat
- parasitic - lampreys/sucks nutrients from host
- filter-feeders - lancelets and tunicates
- detritus - goldfish/eat dead things
- optimistic - eat everything
food is further processed in finger like pouches called what
pyloric ceca
what is the pyloric ceca
ABSORBS nutrients though diffusion
what does the stomach do
secretes/produces hydrochloric acid
what is the pancreas
makes insulin and is a digestive enzyme
what does the liver do
produces bile and stores it in the gallbladder
what are the three functions that bile serves as
- absorption of lipids and fats
- neutralizes hydrochloric acid from stomach
- ensures that absorbed toxins are returned to intestine for excretion
what is emulsification
the process of breaking down lipids into small pieces
the swim bladder does what
fills bladder with oxygen and when the bladder is inflated the fish is pushed to surface
fish exchange gases using what
gills
the arrangement of capillaries in a fish gills allows for what
countercurrent exchange
what are lungfish
- they adapt to oxygen
- if there is a drought they bury themselves in mud
- can live without water for months
- creates hard cacoon
- modified swim bladder to breath
how do fish breathe
Fish take water into their mouth, passing the gills just behind its head on each side
