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Biology > Vertebrates and Non-Vertebrates > Flashcards

Vertebrates and Non-Vertebrates Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

taxonomy

A

the ordered and naming of organisms

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2
Q

what is the 2-part scientific name of an organism

A

binomial nomenclature

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3
Q

what are the taxonomic groups from broad to narrow

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

aka dash killed people cause of fascinating glue and sticks

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4
Q

what are the 6 kingdom system of classification

A

animalia, plantae, fungi, prosista, eubacteria, archaebacteria

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5
Q

what are the three different types of domain

A
  1. bacteria
  2. eukarya
  3. archaea
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6
Q

what type of domain does archaebacteria belong in

A

archaea

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7
Q

what type of domain does eubacteria belong in

A

bacteria

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8
Q

what type of domain does animalia, protista, fungi, and plantea belong in

A

eukarya

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9
Q

what does animalia break up into

A

chordate -> invertebrates and vertebrates

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10
Q

to be a member of the chordate phylum an animal must have these 4 things…

A
  1. notochord
  2. nerve cord
  3. slits or clefts
  4. tail
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11
Q

what is a notochord

A

like a spinal disk; provides skeletal support and is located in the back

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12
Q

what are the two parts to a disk

A

outer annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposes

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13
Q

what is the nerve cord

A
  • in vertebrates the cord is the spinal cord
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14
Q

most vertebrates have a _______ or a backbone

A

vertebral column

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15
Q

the backbone is made of individual segments called what

A

vertebrae

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16
Q

what are the slits or clefts

A

a series of pouches separated by grooves

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17
Q

in some chordates the grooves develop into slits which are called what

A

pharyngeal slits

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18
Q

the invertebrates break up into which two smaller groups

A

tunicates and lancelets

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19
Q

adult tunicates look more like what

A

sacs

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20
Q

what do adult tunicates not have

A

a notochord; nerve chord; or a tail

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21
Q

what happens to tunicates slits

A

they mature extremely fast within hours

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22
Q

what do nerves turn into

A

nueronet

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23
Q

what color are tunicates blood

A

pale green

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24
Q

tunicates are also known as what bc they can shoot a jet of water through the siphon

A

sea squirts

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25
Q

do lancelets have all 4 characteristics

A

yes

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26
Q

what type of feeders are tunics and lancelets

A

filter feeders

27
Q

who dont have a true heart

A

lancelets

28
Q

the first vertebrates to evolve were fish called what

A

ostracoderms

29
Q

what time period did the ostracoderms appear in

A

the Cambrian Period

30
Q

when did the ostracoderms become extinct

A

at the end of the Devonian Period

31
Q

ostracoderms were what

A

jawless invertebrate fish

32
Q

what were anomalocaris

A

the largest ostracoderm at 3 ft.

33
Q

what happened during the Silurian Period

A
  • development of scales and sharp, spiny fins
  • jaws hold teeth and jaw muscles began to appear
34
Q

what were the first bony fish

A

osteichthyans

35
Q

when did the osteichthyans evolve

A

at the end of silurian period

36
Q

what are lampreys

A
  • lots of teeth
  • jawless
37
Q

what is pheromone

A

chemical give off by male or female to attract other gender

38
Q

what are hagfish

A
  • jawless
  • no true eyes
  • makes knot in stomach in order to eat
  • mucus can suffocate fish and it is a protein
39
Q

during what period were the fish most abundant

A

Devonian Period

40
Q

what is another name for the Devonian Period

A

the Age of Fish

41
Q

when did fish develop fins

A

the devonian period

42
Q

what is a bony part inside of the fin that turns into legs

A

girdles

43
Q

why do mudskippers have to replenish oxygen to eggs

A

for cellular respiration

44
Q

what fish jumps to attract mates

A

mudskipper

45
Q

true or false: fish swallow things whole and they don’t chew

A

true

46
Q

what are the three main groups of fish

A

carlangeous
true bone
jawless

47
Q

what are the carlangeous fishes

A

sharks and rays and they have evolved a skeleton made of strong cartilage

48
Q

what are the true bone fish

A
  • bony fish called lobe-finned
  • have fleshy fins from which the limbs of chordates would evolve
49
Q

what are jawless fish

A
  • do not have true teeth or jaws
  • hagfish and lampreys
50
Q

what are the 3 layers fish need to have in order to have true teeth

A
  1. enamal
  2. dentin
  3. cementum
51
Q

what are the 6 modes of feeding in fishes

A
  1. herbivores - eat plants
  2. carnivores - eat meat
  3. parasitic - lampreys/sucks nutrients from host
  4. filter-feeders - lancelets and tunicates
  5. detritus - goldfish/eat dead things
  6. optimistic - eat everything
52
Q

food is further processed in finger like pouches called what

A

pyloric ceca

53
Q

what is the pyloric ceca

A

ABSORBS nutrients though diffusion

54
Q

what does the stomach do

A

secretes/produces hydrochloric acid

55
Q

what is the pancreas

A

makes insulin and is a digestive enzyme

56
Q

what does the liver do

A

produces bile and stores it in the gallbladder

57
Q

what are the three functions that bile serves as

A
  1. absorption of lipids and fats
  2. neutralizes hydrochloric acid from stomach
  3. ensures that absorbed toxins are returned to intestine for excretion
58
Q

what is emulsification

A

the process of breaking down lipids into small pieces

59
Q

the swim bladder does what

A

fills bladder with oxygen and when the bladder is inflated the fish is pushed to surface

60
Q

fish exchange gases using what

A

gills

61
Q

the arrangement of capillaries in a fish gills allows for what

A

countercurrent exchange

62
Q

what are lungfish

A
  • they adapt to oxygen
  • if there is a drought they bury themselves in mud
  • can live without water for months
  • creates hard cacoon
  • modified swim bladder to breath
63
Q

how do fish breathe

A

Fish take water into their mouth, passing the gills just behind its head on each side

Biology (6 decks)

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