Vertebrates and Non-Vertebrates

Question 1

taxonomy

Answer 1

the ordered and naming of organisms

Question 2

what is the 2-part scientific name of an organism

Answer 2

binomial nomenclature

Question 3

what are the taxonomic groups from broad to narrow

Answer 3

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

aka dash killed people cause of fascinating glue and sticks

Question 4

what are the 6 kingdom system of classification

Answer 4

animalia, plantae, fungi, prosista, eubacteria, archaebacteria

Question 5

what are the three different types of domain

Answer 5

1. bacteria
2. eukarya
3. archaea

Question 6

what type of domain does archaebacteria belong in

Answer 6

archaea

Question 7

what type of domain does eubacteria belong in

Answer 7

bacteria

Question 8

what type of domain does animalia, protista, fungi, and plantea belong in

Answer 8

eukarya

Question 9

what does animalia break up into

Answer 9

chordate -> invertebrates and vertebrates

Question 10

to be a member of the chordate phylum an animal must have these 4 things…

Answer 10

1. notochord
2. nerve cord
3. slits or clefts
4. tail

Question 11

what is a notochord

Answer 11

like a spinal disk; provides skeletal support and is located in the back

Question 12

what are the two parts to a disk

Answer 12

outer annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposes

Question 13

what is the nerve cord

Answer 13

• in vertebrates the cord is the spinal cord

Question 14

most vertebrates have a _______ or a backbone

Answer 14

vertebral column

Question 15

the backbone is made of individual segments called what

Answer 15

vertebrae

Question 16

what are the slits or clefts

Answer 16

a series of pouches separated by grooves

Question 17

in some chordates the grooves develop into slits which are called what

Answer 17

pharyngeal slits

Question 18

the invertebrates break up into which two smaller groups

Answer 18

tunicates and lancelets

Question 19

adult tunicates look more like what

Answer 19

sacs

Question 20

what do adult tunicates not have

Answer 20

a notochord; nerve chord; or a tail

Question 21

what happens to tunicates slits

Answer 21

they mature extremely fast within hours

Question 22

what do nerves turn into

Answer 22

nueronet

Question 23

what color are tunicates blood

Answer 23

pale green

Question 24

tunicates are also known as what bc they can shoot a jet of water through the siphon

Answer 24

sea squirts

Question 25

do lancelets have all 4 characteristics

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

what type of feeders are tunics and lancelets

Answer 26

filter feeders

Question 27

who dont have a true heart

Answer 27

lancelets

Question 28

the first vertebrates to evolve were fish called what

Answer 28

ostracoderms

Question 29

what time period did the ostracoderms appear in

Answer 29

the Cambrian Period

Question 30

when did the ostracoderms become extinct

Answer 30

at the end of the Devonian Period

Question 31

ostracoderms were what

Answer 31

jawless invertebrate fish

Question 32

what were anomalocaris

Answer 32

the largest ostracoderm at 3 ft.

Question 33

what happened during the Silurian Period

Answer 33

- development of scales and sharp, spiny fins - jaws hold teeth and jaw muscles began to appear

Question 34

what were the first bony fish

Answer 34

osteichthyans

Question 35

when did the osteichthyans evolve

Answer 35

at the end of silurian period

Question 36

what are lampreys

Answer 36

- lots of teeth - jawless

Question 37

what is pheromone

Answer 37

chemical give off by male or female to attract other gender

Question 38

what are hagfish

Answer 38

- jawless - no true eyes - makes knot in stomach in order to eat - mucus can suffocate fish and it is a protein

Question 39

during what period were the fish most abundant

Answer 39

Devonian Period

Question 40

what is another name for the Devonian Period

Answer 40

the Age of Fish

Question 41

when did fish develop fins

Answer 41

the devonian period

Question 42

what is a bony part inside of the fin that turns into legs

Answer 42

girdles

Question 43

why do mudskippers have to replenish oxygen to eggs

Answer 43

for cellular respiration

Question 44

what fish jumps to attract mates

Answer 44

mudskipper

Question 45

true or false: fish swallow things whole and they don't chew

Answer 45

true

Question 46

what are the three main groups of fish

Answer 46

carlangeous true bone jawless

Question 47

what are the carlangeous fishes

Answer 47

sharks and rays and they have evolved a skeleton made of strong cartilage

Question 48

what are the true bone fish

Answer 48

- bony fish called lobe-finned - have fleshy fins from which the limbs of chordates would evolve

Question 49

what are jawless fish

Answer 49

- do not have true teeth or jaws - hagfish and lampreys

Question 50

what are the 3 layers fish need to have in order to have true teeth

Answer 50

1. enamal 2. dentin 3. cementum

Question 51

what are the 6 modes of feeding in fishes

Answer 51

1. herbivores - eat plants 2. carnivores - eat meat 3. parasitic - lampreys/sucks nutrients from host 4. filter-feeders - lancelets and tunicates 5. detritus - goldfish/eat dead things 6. optimistic - eat everything

Question 52

food is further processed in finger like pouches called what

Answer 52

pyloric ceca

Question 53

what is the pyloric ceca

Answer 53

ABSORBS nutrients though diffusion

Question 54

what does the stomach do

Answer 54

secretes/produces hydrochloric acid

Question 55

what is the pancreas

Answer 55

makes insulin and is a digestive enzyme

Question 56

what does the liver do

Answer 56

produces bile and stores it in the gallbladder

Question 57

what are the three functions that bile serves as

Answer 57

1. absorption of lipids and fats 2. neutralizes hydrochloric acid from stomach 3. ensures that absorbed toxins are returned to intestine for excretion

Question 58

what is emulsification

Answer 58

the process of breaking down lipids into small pieces

Question 59

the swim bladder does what

Answer 59

fills bladder with oxygen and when the bladder is inflated the fish is pushed to surface

Question 60

fish exchange gases using what

Answer 60

gills

Question 61

the arrangement of capillaries in a fish gills allows for what

Answer 61

countercurrent exchange

Question 62

what are lungfish

Answer 62

- they adapt to oxygen - if there is a drought they bury themselves in mud - can live without water for months - creates hard cacoon - modified swim bladder to breath

Question 63

how do fish breathe

Answer 63

Fish take water into their mouth, passing the gills just behind its head on each side