Cellular Respiration Flashcards
what is the point of cellular respiration
to make ATP
where does cellular respiration happen
in the mitochondria
how is most of the energy stored
in a sugar form, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
what is energy transferred to
ATP
cells transfer the energy in organic compounds (especially glucose) to ATP through what process
cellular respiration
what is cellular respiration
the process cells use to harvest the energy in organic compounds
what do chloroplasts make
sugar
what are the 3 phases of cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- citric acid cycle / krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
where does glycolysis take place in
the cytoplasm
what does glycolysis do
tears 1 molecule of glucose in half producing 2 molecules of pyruvate
what is pyruvate
- 3 carbon compound
- the end product of glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl COA that enters the Krebs cycle when there is sufficient oxygen available
what tears the 1 molecule of glucose in half producing 2 molecules of pyruvate
ATP energy
when glucose is broken down some of its hydrogen atoms and electrons are transferred to an electron acceptor called what
NAD+
what does NADH do
carries electrons to ETC
for cellular respiration to continue what needs to happen to NADH
turn NADH into NAD+ in order to make it available to accept more electrons
what is NADH
electron carrier
where is the ETC
on the inner membrane of mitochondria
what molecules does glycolysis produce
4 ATP molecules
what happens to the 4 ATP molecules that glycolysis produces
2 ATP molecules leave and 2 stay
what else does glycolysis produce
NADH
what is the end product of glycolysis
pyruvate
what does pyruvate depend on
oxygen
if oxygen is NOT available, pyruvate is metabolized in the cytoplasm by a process called what
fermentation - glycolysis without oxygen
what are reactions without oxygen called
anaerobic
if there is oxygen then where does pyruvate enter
mitochondrion mix
if oxygen is in the reaction what is it called
aerobic
how is acetic acid produced
pyruvate enters the matrix where carbon dioxide is enzymatically removed from pyruvate
NAD+ removes electrons to form what
NADH which goes to ETC
the remaining acetic acid joins an enzyme called what
coenzyme a
what does coenzyme a do
puts things together
coenzyme a and the acetic acid formed together make what
acetyl COA
if 4 carbons are added to the acetyl group and the coenzyme a is removed then what is it called
citric acid
what is the purpose of the citric acidic cycle or the krebs cycle
to make NADH which is an electron carrier
where does the krebs cycle take place
in the mitochondrial matrix
after kreps what happens
NADH and FADH contain a lot of energy that was stored in glucose and pyruvate
