vertebrates

Question 1

chordates

Answer 1

Nerve chord and gill arches

Question 2

Gnathostomes

Answer 2

Jawed vertebrates, craniates, first appear early Silurian

Question 3

First appearance of modern fish groups

Answer 3

Early Devonain

Question 4

The transition to land begins….

Answer 4

during the Late Devonian. The evolution of tetrapods, probably from lobe finned fishes

Question 5

Amphibians

Answer 5

can live on land, must reproduce in water

Question 6

First amniotes and development of the amniotic egg was during the…

Answer 6

Early carboniferous

Question 7

3 major groups of land dwelling amniotes

Answer 7

Anapsid, diapsid, synapsid

Question 8

Anapsid

Answer 8

No openings (primative reptiles, turtles)

Question 9

Diapsid

Answer 9

1 opening (lizards, snakes, crocodiles, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, birds)

Question 10

Synapsid

Answer 10

2 openings “mammal like reptiles”, mammals

Question 11

Did dinosaurs and mammals coexist?

Answer 11

Yes, throughout most of the mesozoic

Question 12

When were synapsids the dominant group?

Answer 12

Late Carboniferous-end Triassic

Question 13

The first mammals

Answer 13

Many were small, nocturnal, insect-eatting. The need to be active at night may be why they are warm blooded

Question 14

When was the oldest definite mammal?

Answer 14

Jurassic

Question 15

monotremes

Answer 15

egg-laying mammals. Platyupus and echidnas. Have a poor fossil record

Question 16

Marsupials

Answer 16

pouched mammals (opossums, kangaroos, koalas)

Question 17

Placentals

Answer 17

Bear live young, nourished before birth through a specialized embryotic sack.

Question 18

Therian mammals

Answer 18

marsupials and placentals

Question 19

Great American Interchange

Answer 19

The Isthmus of Panama was closed and became a complete land bridge for the first time. Animals from both continents began to interact.

Question 20

Why did North American species win during the great interchange?

Answer 20

Tropical climate zones, north american mammal groups had been shaped by millions of years of competition, size

Question 21

Hypsodont

Answer 21

High crowned teeth

Question 22

When did primates evolve?

Answer 22

Paleogene

Question 23

When were the big 5 extinctions?

Answer 23

End ordovician, end Devonian, Permo-Triassic, end Triassic, KT boundary

Question 24

Causes of Mass Extinction

Answer 24

glaciation, volcanic eruptions, impact

Question 25

Mammals during the Pleistocene

Answer 25

grew to be huge (ex-giant sloth)