Vertebrates

Question 1

urochordata

Answer 1

some genes for more complex organs. lose them after larval stage

Question 2

Vertebrates

Answer 2

duplicated hox gene. cartilage vertebral column. protected cranium, initial respiratory gills (8)

Question 3

Chondrichthyes

Answer 3

Jawed gnathstome. more hox genes. cartilage skeleton. paired limbs, gills to jaws (3 lost, 1 for jaw)

Question 4

Actinoptergii

Answer 4

Rayed fins from bone. progression from vascular gulping lungs to swim bladders. novochord to disk; true bone backbone

Question 5

actinista

Answer 5

Robust internal skeleton. thick bones support fins.

Question 6

Dipnoi

Answer 6

Lungfish. swim bladder revascularized. smaller fin rays and more bone=’walking’

Question 7

Amphibia

Answer 7

water needed for reproduction and breathing. has heart, but needs wet skin to aid breathing

Question 8

Reptilia/amniotes

Answer 8

Proper 4 membrane eggs. rib cage for breathing. uses urea, less water use

Question 9

synapsids

Answer 9

sprawled legs, no hair, lays eggs

Question 10

Mammaliaforms

Answer 10

teeth differentiation. fat and fur and hair for heat. some sweating. secondary palate, breathing and chewing

Question 11

Mammals

Answer 11

3 inner earbones, mammary glands, diaphragm, large brain