Vertebrate Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

controls responses to the external environment and coordinates functions of internal organs

Question 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 2

1. brain: center for complex integration of homeostasis, perception, movement, intellect, emotion
2. Spinal cord: transmits sensory informationto the CNS, relays motor information from CNS

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 3

12 pairs cranial nerves plus 31 pairs of spinal nerves

1. sensory (afferent division)
   a. somatic sensory neurons - sensory information from skin, muscles, joints
   b. visceral sensory neurons - sensory information from internal organs
2. motor (efferent division)
   a. somatic - voluntary, conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
   b. autonomic - involuntary, conducts impulses to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands

           1. sympathetic division - "fight-       or-flight" responses
           2. parasympathetic system - "rest-repose" responses

Question 4

Neuron

Answer 4

A. axon
B. dendrite
C. Schwann cell
D. myelin sheath
E. nodes of Ranvier
F. telodendria

Question 5

Nerve impluse

Answer 5

Resting membrane potential -70 mvolts

Question 6

A. depolarization

Answer 6

sodium-potassium pump

membrane potential

threshold stimulus

action potential

Question 7

B. repolarization

Answer 7

sodium and potassium gates

Question 8

Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine

Answer 8

neuromuscular function

Question 9

Neurotransmitter: biogenic amines (from amino acids)

Answer 9

a. tyrosine
1. epinephrine
2. norepinephrine
3. dopamine
4. serotonin

b. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
c. glycine
d. endorphins, enkephalins

Question 10

Reflex Arc

Answer 10

1. Sensory receptor
2. Sensory neuron
3. Interneuron (Association neuron)
4. Motor neuron
5. Effector