Vertebral Osteology

Question 1

the most common type of joint, capable of the greatest amount of movement; only type that contains a joint capsule filled with synovial fluid

Answer 1

synovial

Question 2

type of joint consists of bones connected by fibrous connective tissue; movement at this joint type varies (usually limited)

Answer 2

fibrous

Question 3

joints that consist of bones connected by cartilage (either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage)

Answer 3

cartilaginous

Question 4

joint providing movement between the bones in the form of bending movements

Answer 4

cartilaginous

Question 5

Where is synovial joint found in the body (3)

Answer 5

between arm and shoulder
between bones of finger
between ribs and thoracic vertebrae (know the two locations on vertebrae)

Question 6

list features of synovial joints (4) and know where they are located

Answer 6

fibrous joint capsule
articular cavity
synovial membrane
articular cartilage

Question 7

where is synovial fluid secreted from

Answer 7

synovial membrane

Question 8

Where is fibrous joint found

Answer 8

cranial sutures

between two bones (interosseus membrane)

Question 9

example of cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

intervertebral discs (fibrocartilage)

Question 10

components of axial skeleton

Answer 10

skull
vertebrae
ribs + sternum

Question 11

role of vertebrae

Answer 11

house and protect spinal cord
support body weight
provide attachment for muscles

Question 12

total vertebrae =

cervical =
thoracic = 
lumbar = 
sacral = 
coccygeal =

Answer 12

total vertebrae = 33

cervical = 7
thoracic = 12 
lumbar = 5
sacral = 5 (fused)
coccygeal = ave 4

Question 13

primary curvatures:

secondary curvatures:

Answer 13

primary: thoracic and sacral
secondary: cervical and lumbar

Question 14

space where spinal nerve emerge from

Answer 14

intervertebral foramen

Question 15

unique features of cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)

Answer 15

• relatively small body and large vertebral foramen

- transverse foramen! (foramen in the process not from notch)

Question 16

Vertebral artery passes through the ___ ___

Answer 16

transverse foramen (of cervical vertebrae)

Question 17

thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ___

Answer 17

ribs

Question 18

each thoracic vertebra and rib join at 2 joints:

Answer 18

costovertebral joints

costotransverse joints

Question 19

type of joints between vertebra and rib

Answer 19

synovial

Question 20

three areas of the thoracic vertebra that articulates with ribs

Answer 20

(together with corresponding rib)
superior costal demifacet
transverse facet

(with rib below)
inferior costal demifacet

Question 21

2 facets that join one rib together and their joints

Answer 21

superior costal demifacet
costovertebral joint

transverse facet
costotransverse joint

Question 22

unique feature of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 22

articulation with ribs

synovial joints, 3 facets

Question 23

vertebrae associated with most wear and tear injuries

Answer 23

lumbar

Question 24

features of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 24

large vertebral bodies, relatively small vertebral foramen

Question 25

ligament that protects from hyperflexion and hyperextension

Answer 25

hyperflexion: anterior longitudinal ligament hyperextension: posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 26

locate ligaments: anterior longitudinal ligament posterior " " ligamenta flava interspinous ligaments supraspinous ligament

Answer 26

along anterior of vertebral body along posterior of vertebral body along lamina (inner) between spinous processes posterior tips of spinous processes

Question 27

sacrum is a fusion of # sacral vertebrae, articulating with __ and __

Answer 27

5 L5 coccyx

Question 28

point of articulation on sacrum with L5

Answer 28

lumbosacral articular surface

Question 29

parts of spinal nerves pass through these openings on sacrum on both sides

Answer 29

anterior AND posterior sacral foramina

Question 30

Midline of anterior sacrum where collection of autonomic nerve fibers pass

Answer 30

sacral promontory

Question 31

posterior sacral foramina aka

Answer 31

dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves

Question 32

sacrum has anterior/superior articulate facet

Answer 32

superior articulate facet (it articulates with L5 above)

Question 33

openings superior and inferior to the sacrum

Answer 33

sacral canal | sacral hiatus

Question 34

coccyx is a fusion of # coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 34

3-5, commonly 4 pairs

Question 35

unlike C3-C7, C1-C2 do not possess

Answer 35

vertebral bodies

Question 36

cranial vertebrae C1 aka C2 aka

Answer 36

C1: atlas C2: axis

Question 37

unique features of atlas

Answer 37

``` no body no lamina (anterior arch) no pedicle (posterior arch) ```

Question 38

unique features of axis

Answer 38

no body (dens) has dens and spinous process unlike atlas

Question 39

joint at C1 articulating with occipital bone and C2; allows yes/no movement

Answer 39

atlanto-occipital joint; yes

Question 40

joint at C2 articulating with C1; allows yes/no movement

Answer 40

atlanto-axial joint; no

Question 41

There is no intervertebral disc between _ and _

Answer 41

C1 and C2

Question 42

joint connecting vertebral bones at cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae (2 components)

Answer 42

intervertebral discs; nucleus pulposus anulus fibrosus