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Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral neurons innervate

A

organs, glands, involuntary muscle tissues (smooth and cardiac)

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2
Q

The autonomic NS consists of __ neurons only

A

VE

autonomic happens unconsciously so no sensory involved (no VA!)

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3
Q

2 systems of the ANS

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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4
Q

VE neurons are specific to the neurons of the ___

A

ANS

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5
Q

__ neurons return viscerosensory information from organs, glands, and involuntary muscles to the CNS

A

VA

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6
Q

4 rules of visceral neurons

A
  1. either VE or VA
  2. VE are part of the ANS
  3. VA are simply VA
  4. VE neurons form 2 pathways (pre, post)
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7
Q

VA and VE are part of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS. T/F

A

F; only VE

VA is simply visceral neuron

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8
Q

preganglionic neuron is located in ___

A

CNS

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9
Q

VE/VA neurons are pre and post ganglionic

A

VE

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10
Q

postganglionic neuron is found in ___

A

PNS

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11
Q

4 examples of VE neurons found in the 2 pathways of the ANS

A

VE sym/pre
VE sym/post
VE para/pre
VE para/post

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12
Q

Sympathetic NS:
location of preganglionic neurons

(VE sym/pre)

A

CNS; LATERAL grey horn T1-L2 spinal cord segment

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13
Q

Sympathetic NS:

2 places postganglionic neurons are found

(VE sym/post)

A

sympathetic chain

sympathetic ganglia (abdomen)

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14
Q

VE sym/pre aka

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

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15
Q

sympathetic NS has __ preganglionic fibers and __ postganglionic fibers

A

short pre

long post

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16
Q

VE sym/pre
VE sym/post

which is long and short

A

short

long

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17
Q

__ __ serves as a highway for sympathetic fibers to reach areas above and below __

A

sympathetic chain, T1-L2

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18
Q

Single ganglion where sympathetic chain join together at the coccyx

A

ganglion impar

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19
Q

what type of neuron is found in ganglia of sympathetic chain?

A

VE sym/post (cell bodies)

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20
Q

Location of cell bodies:

VE sym/pre
VE sym/post

A

pre: lateral grey horn
post: sympathetic chan, sympathetic ganglia

21
Q

Trajectory of VE sym/pre scenario 1

A

lateral grey horn -> ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral ramus -> white ramus -> sympathetic chain -> grey ramus -> (back to) spinal nerve -> dorsal/ventral ramus -> target

22
Q

Where are white rami found?

A

only in VE sym/pre of T1-L2

23
Q

white rami is in between

A

ventral ramus, sympathetic chain

24
Q

VE sym/pre reach sympathetic chain: 4 scenarios?

A

1) synapse with post at sympathetic chain and target T1-L2 destinations
2) synapse with post at sympathetic chain and target above and below T1-L2
3) synapse with post at sympathetic chain, enter splanchnic nerve and target thoracic organs
4) descend, enter thoacic splanchnic nerves, and synapse VE sym/post in sympathetic ganglia (not chain)

25
Q

VE sym/post fibers enter via __ –> sympathetic chain –> exit via __

A

white ramus, grey ramus

26
Q

For scenario #3 of VE sym/post trajectory, fibers exit the sympathetic chain as __ nerve, which target 3 areas in the thorax

A

splanchnic (organ) nerve;

heart, respiratory tract, esophagus

27
Q

Full trajectory of #3 VE sym/post trajectory

A

sympathetic chain -> grey ramus -> dorsal/ventral rami -> visceral plexus -> target organ

28
Q

Define visceral plexus. symp/para/ or both?

A

network of visceral neuron fibers; almost always both

29
Q

Scenario 4 of VE sym/post target organs in:

A

abdomen or pelvis

30
Q

how is Scenario 4 of VE sympathetic trajectory different from other 3? (lower body)

A

3: synapse at sympathetic chain -> enter splanchic nerve -> organs of thorax + 1/3 upper abdomen
4: pass sympathetic chain -> enter thoracic splanchnic nerve -> abdomen -> synapse at pre-aortic ganglia -> visceral plexus -> target (1/3 lower abdomen, pelvis)

31
Q

Trajectory of VE sympathetic trajectory to head

A

VE sym/PRE fibers travel to top of the sympathetic chain and synapse at the superior cervical ganglion

32
Q

Adrenal glands are ONLY innervated by __ NS.

A

sympathetic

33
Q

Adrenal glad releases __ via __ NS.

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine

sympathetic

34
Q

VE sympathetic fiber trajectory to adrenal gland

A

VE sym/pre fiber enter sympathetic chain -> splanchnic nerve -> synapse on cells of adrenal gland that secrete epinephrine

35
Q

Locations of the VE para/pre

short or long?

A

in CNS: cranial nerve nuclei + sacral spinal cord

VE para/pre is very long

  • CN III, VII, IX nuclei in brainstem
  • CN X in brainstem
  • sacral spinal cord (lower 1/3)
36
Q

Location of VE para/post

short or long?

A

outside of the head, in the wall of the organ innervated;

VE para/post is very short

37
Q

sympathetic NS aka:

parasympathetic NS aka:

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

Craniosacral outflow

38
Q

Where does the VE para/pre fibers that innervate the organs of the thorax and 2/3 of abdomen come from?

A

CN X

39
Q

CN X supplies __ fiber to __

A

VE para/pre fibers

organs of thorax and upper 2/3 of abdomen

40
Q

Sacral spinal cord supplies __ fiber to __

A

VE para/pre fibers

lower 1/3 of abdomen and all of pelvis (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

41
Q

CN X course (VE para/pre and post):

A

skull -> neck -> thorax -> visceral plexuses (3)

esophageal, cardiac, pulmonary plexuses

42
Q

Where CN X does not reach (lower 1/3 abdomen + pelvic area), VE para/pre fibers from __ __ __ form __ __ nerves go.

A

sacral spinal cord,

pelvic splanchnic

43
Q

Sacral outflow portion of the parasympathetic NS

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves that emerge from the VE para/pre fibers

44
Q

2 general categories of VA (visceral sensory) fibers

A
  1. detect sensation we are conscious of (pain, nausea)

2. those we are not aware of (pH)

45
Q

VA fibers with conscious sensation travel back to __ __ (similar route to __ fibers)

A

spinal cord

sympathetic (DRG)

46
Q

VA fibers that we are not consciously aware of travel back to __ or __ __ __ (similar route to __ fibers)

A

brain or sacral spinal cord

parasympathetic

47
Q

Types of neurons found in DRG

A

SA, VA (pain sensing)

48
Q

Types of nerve fibers found in VR

A

SE, VE sym/pre

49
Q

When answering questions about the innervation of organs, __ fibers are an important part of the answer, this stands in contrast to questions about spinal nerves (!).

A

VA

VA - important for organs, not for spinal cords!

Anatomy (4 decks)

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