Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSC > Vertebral column revision > Flashcards

Vertebral column revision Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

where are they found?

what do they connect with?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where do spinal nerves emerge?

A

C1 will emerge from above C1 vertebrae

C8 will emerge below C7 vertebrae

this then continues all the way down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

anterior and ventral are same thing

posterior and dorsal are same thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory axon pathway spinal cord?

motor axon?

sympathetic?

spinal nerve composed of?

A

if thoracolumbar outflow will also have sympathetic outflow

spinal nerve = somatic sensory, motor + sympathetic

(visceral afferents travel alongside sympathetic nerves but are NOT part of the spinal nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of spinal nerve?

A

each spinal nerve pair supplies a body segment with:

  • general sensory supply to all structures
  • somatic motor supply to skeletal muscles
  • sympathetic nerve supply to skin (sweat glands) and to smooth muscle of arterioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dermatome vs myotome?

A

dermatome = area of skin supplied with sensory information from a single spinal nerve

(in reality, there is overlap)

myotome = skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from single spinal nerve

(again, most muscles not supplied by single spinal nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

landmarks dermatope map?

A

nipple = T4

umbilicus = T10

posterior scalp, neck and shoulder = C2-C4

uppe rlimb = C5-T1

lower limb, gluteal region + perineum = L2-Co1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

B = T6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nerve plexuses?

examples?

A

intertwined anterior rami form a number of adjacent nerves

(NOT posterior rami)

cervical plexus (C1-C4) - posterior scalp, neck, diaphragm

brachial plexus (C5-T1) - upper limb

lumbar plexus (L1-L4) - lower limb

sacral plexus (L5-S4) - lower limb, gluteal region + perineum

(can be referred to toagether as lumbosacral plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 enlargements in spinal cord?

A

cervical (upper limb) + lumbar (lower limb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spinal roots fuse to form?

spinal cord terminates?

A

Roots fuse to form mixed spinal nerve which eventually produces posterior and anterior rami

Spinal cord terminated in cone shape called conus medullaris

Continues as thin connective tissue cordcalled filum terminale which is anchored at dorsum of the coccyx

(if you stand on your head your spinal cord doesn’t come crashing down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

spinal meninges continuous with?

A

Spinal meninges are continuous with cranial meninges via foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

meninges layers

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

spinal cord suspended in canal vi?

formed from?

subarachnoid space?

A

Spinal cord is suspended in the canal by the denticulate ligament (found laterally)

The ligament is formed of pial and arachnoid tissue

Note - just like in brain, subarachnoid space filled with CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spinal cord made up of?

A
19
Q

central canal spinal cord?

posterior vs anterior horn position?

A

opens into 4th ventricle superiorly

posterior = extends all way up to surface of spinal cord

anterior horn does not

(just helps with orientation)

20
Q

what is present in spinal cord from T1-L2?

A

small lateral horn which contains the preganglionic sympathetic neurons

21
Q

arterial supply to spinal cord?

A

3 major longitudinal arteries

  • 1 anterior
  • 2 posterior
  • originate from vertebral arteries and run the entire length of spinal cord

Segmental arteries

  • Derived from vertebral, intercostal and lumbar arteries

Radicular arteries

  • Travel along dorsal and ventral roots
22
Q

artery of adamkiewicz?

derived from?

A

also known as great anterior radiculomedullary artery

it is largest segmental artery of spinal cord

derived from 9-12th intercostal artery

23
Q

venous drainage of spinal cord?

A
24
Q

extrinsic muscles of the back?

A
25
Q

intrinsic muscles of the back?

A
26
Q

erector spinae?

attachments?

A

3 vertical groups of muscles lateral to spine - intrinsic muscles

inferiorly = common tendon attaches to the sacrum and iliac crest

superiorly = individual tendons

  • a rib
  • transverse process of a vertebra
  • spinous process of a vertebra
27
Q

low back pain may be due to?

A

erector spinae strain

28
Q

transversospinalis?

attachments?

A

deep intrinsic back muscle - located in grooves between transverse and spinous processes

individual muscle fibres attach between:

  • a vertebra and the skull
  • a vertebra and a rib
  • one vertebra and anothe rvertebra
  • the sacrum and a vertebra
29
Q

nerve supply to intrinsic back muscles?

A

Segmental nerve supply as per dermatome/myotome

  • posterior rami!!!!
30
Q
A

…

31
Q

function of erector spinae and transversospinalis muscles?

A

maintain posture

support the spine

extend the spine

  • erector spinae - contracts bilaterally
  • if unilateral then lateral flexion occurs
32
Q

movements of spine and associated muscles?

A

extension = erector spinae and transversospinalis (bilateral)

lateral flexion = erector spinae and transversospinalis (unilateral)

flexion of spine (forward) = psoas major and rectus abdominus

33
Q

typical cervical vertebre features?

atypical features?

A
34
Q

atlanto-occipital joints found?

what are they?

movements?

A

found between occipital condyles and the superior articular facets of the atlas (3 articulations)

synovial joints with loose capsule

movements = flexion + extension of the neck, lateral flexion and rotation

35
Q

articulations of atlanto-occipital joints?

main movement?

A

3 articulations - all synovial

  • 2 between inferior articular facets of atlas and superior articular facets of axis
  • 1 between the anterior arch of the atlas and the odontoid process of the axis

main movement is rotation

36
Q
A

…

37
Q
A

…

38
Q

Cervical vertebrae dislocation?

A
39
Q
A

…

40
Q

spinal and epidural anaesthetic?

A
41
Q

spinal anaesthetic layers passed through?

A
42
Q

epidural anaesthetic layers passed through?

A
43
Q

caudal anaesthesia?

A
44
Q
A

…

BMSC (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions